Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, volume 35, issue 8
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry with complementary ionization methods in the study of 5000-year-old mummy
2
LECO Corporation St. Joseph Michigan
|
4
Department of the Ancient Orient The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts Moscow Russia
|
Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 2021-02-10
Quartile SCImago
Q3
Quartile WOS
Q3
Impact factor: 2
ISSN: 09514198, 10970231
DOI:
10.1002/rcm.9058
Organic Chemistry
Spectroscopy
Analytical Chemistry
Abstract
RATIONALE
Mummification is one of the defining customs of Ancient Egypt. The nuances of the embalming procedure and the composition of the embalming mixtures have attracted the attention of scientists and laypeople for a long time. Modern analytical tools make mummy studies more efficient.
METHODS
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry with complementary ionization methods (electron ionization, positive chemical ionization, electron capture negative ionization) with a Pegasus GC-HRT+ 4D instrument was used to identify embalming components in the mummy from the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts acquired in 1913 in London at the de Rustafjaell sale. The mummy dates back to the late Predynastic period (direct AMS-dating 3356-3098 BC), being one of the oldest in the world.
RESULTS
The results demonstrated the complexity of the embalming mixtures that were already in use 5000 years ago. Several hundred organic compounds were identified in the mummy samples. Various types of hydrocarbons (triterpanes, steranes, isoprenoid and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) prove the presence of petroleum products. Iodinated compounds detected using electron capture negative ionization define oils of marine origin, while esters of palmitic acid indicate the use of beeswax. The nature of the discovered components of conifer tar proves that the preliminary processing of conifer resins involved heating. GCxGC/HRMS also allowed a number of modern contaminants (phthalates, organophosphates, and even DDT) to be identified.
CONCLUSIONS
Application of a powerful GCxGC/HRMS technique with complementary ionization methods allowed significant widening of the range of organic compounds used for mummification that could be identified. The complexity of the embalming mixtures supports the hypothesis of the high social status of the child made on the basis of the preliminary study of the mummy.
Citations by journals
|
1
|
|
|
Molecules
|
Molecules
1 publication, 33.33%
|
|
Cellulose
|
Cellulose
1 publication, 33.33%
|
|
Journal of Chromatography Open
|
Journal of Chromatography Open
1 publication, 33.33%
|
|
1
|
Citations by publishers
|
1
|
|
|
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
|
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
1 publication, 33.33%
|
|
Springer Nature
|
Springer Nature
1 publication, 33.33%
|
|
Elsevier
|
Elsevier
1 publication, 33.33%
|
|
1
|
- We do not take into account publications that without a DOI.
- Statistics recalculated only for publications connected to researchers, organizations and labs registered on the platform.
- Statistics recalculated weekly.
{"yearsCitations":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2022,2023],"ids":[0,0],"codes":[0,0],"imageUrls":["",""],"datasets":[{"label":"Citations number","data":[2,1],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":["66.67","33.33"],"barThickness":null}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"journals":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":["Molecules","Cellulose","Journal of Chromatography Open"],"ids":[1770,16441,32890],"codes":[0,0,0],"imageUrls":["\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp"],"datasets":[{"label":"","data":[1,1,1],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":[33.33,33.33,33.33],"barThickness":13}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"y","maintainAspectRatio":false,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":null,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Journals","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"publishers":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)","Springer Nature","Elsevier"],"ids":[202,8,17],"codes":[0,0,0],"imageUrls":["\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp"],"datasets":[{"label":"","data":[1,1,1],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":[33.33,33.33,33.33],"barThickness":13}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"y","maintainAspectRatio":false,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":null,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Publishers","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}}}
Metrics
Cite this
GOST |
RIS |
BibTex
Cite this
GOST
Copy
Lebedev A. T. et al. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry with complementary ionization methods in the study of 5000-year-old mummy // Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 2021. Vol. 35. No. 8.
GOST all authors (up to 50)
Copy
Lebedev A. T., Polyakova O. V., Artaev V., Mednikova M. B., Anokhina E. A. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry with complementary ionization methods in the study of 5000-year-old mummy // Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 2021. Vol. 35. No. 8.
Cite this
RIS
Copy
TY - JOUR
DO - 10.1002/rcm.9058
UR - https://doi.org/10.1002%2Frcm.9058
TI - Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry with complementary ionization methods in the study of 5000-year-old mummy
T2 - Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry
AU - Polyakova, Olga V.
AU - Mednikova, Maria B
AU - Anokhina, Eugenia A
AU - Lebedev, Albert T.
AU - Artaev, Viatcheslav
PY - 2021
DA - 2021/02/10 00:00:00
PB - Wiley
IS - 8
VL - 35
SN - 0951-4198
SN - 1097-0231
ER -
Cite this
BibTex
Copy
@article{2021_Lebedev,
author = {Olga V. Polyakova and Maria B Mednikova and Eugenia A Anokhina and Albert T. Lebedev and Viatcheslav Artaev},
title = {Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry with complementary ionization methods in the study of 5000-year-old mummy},
journal = {Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry},
year = {2021},
volume = {35},
publisher = {Wiley},
month = {feb},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002%2Frcm.9058},
number = {8},
doi = {10.1002/rcm.9058}
}
Profiles