3D-printed hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel in wound healing applications: A review of environmentally friendly approaches

3D-printing has just been introduced to the field of wound treatment. This technology is particularly useful for treating large wounds as a result of its capacity to fabricate complex smicro-architectures from cellular constituents. The best bioink choice for 3D-bioprinting is hydrogel due to its environmentally friendly qualities. Hydrogels exhibit favorable characteristics as potential dressing candidates due to their substantial water content, non-adhesive properties, and biocompatibility skin to biological tissues. Both the epidermis and dermis of the skin are composedof hyaluronic acid (HA). It serves as a highly effective moisturizer. HA also links with endothelial cell receptors (CD44) to boost angiogenesis and cell proliferation, improve collagen deposition, and accelerate re-epithelialization during skin regeneration. The benefit of using HA as a scaffold material is that it offers an appropriate stereoscopic space for cell growth according to its distinct 3D gel structure. HA-based hydrogel has been the subject of numerous investigations. This review presents recent findings in the field of 3D-bioprinted HA-based hydrogels and their potential for wound healing applications with an environmentally friendly approach.