2D Materials, volume 5, issue 1, pages 15016

Evaluating arbitrary strain configurations and doping in graphene with Raman spectroscopy

Mueller Niclas S. ¹

Heeg Sebastian ^{2, 3}

Alvarez Miriam Peña ⁴

Kusch Patryk ¹

Wasserroth Sören ¹

Clark Nick ⁵

Schedin Fredrik ⁶

Parthenios John ⁷

Papagelis Konstantinos ^{7, 8}

Galiotis Costas ^{7, 9}

Kalbac Martin ⁴

Vijayaraghavan Aravind ³

Ziegler Mario ¹⁰

Gorbachev Roman ¹¹

Frank Otakar ⁴

Reich Stephanie ¹

Hide authors affiliations Show authors affiliations: 11 affiliations

Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany |

Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland |

School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom |

⁴

J Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-18223 Prague 8, Czechia |

⁵

†School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom. |

⁶

National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom |

⁷

Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation of Research and Technology—Hellas, Patras 26504, Greece |

⁸

Department of Physics, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece |

⁹

Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece |

¹⁰

Leibnitz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany |

¹¹

School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom. |

Publication type: Journal Article

Publication date: 2017-11-06

IOP Publishing

Journal: 2D Materials

Quartile SCImago

Quartile WOS

Impact factor: 5.5

ISSN: 20531583

DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/aa90b3

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General Chemistry

Condensed Matter Physics

General Materials Science

Mechanical Engineering

Mechanics of Materials

Abstract

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing the local properties of graphene. Here, we introduce a method for evaluating unknown strain configurations and simultaneous doping. It relies on separating the effects of hydrostatic strain (peak shift) and shear strain (peak splitting) on the Raman spectrum of graphene. The peak shifts from hydrostatic strain and doping are separated with a correlation analysis of the 2D and G frequencies. This enables us to obtain the local hydrostatic strain, shear strain and doping without any assumption on the strain configuration prior to the analysis. We demonstrate our approach for two model cases: Graphene under uniaxial stress on a PMMA substrate and graphene suspended on nanostructures that induce an unknown strain configuration. We measured $\omega_\mathrm{2D}/\omega_\mathrm{G} = 2.21 \pm 0.05$ for pure hydrostatic strain. Raman scattering with circular corotating polarization is ideal for analyzing strain and doping, especially for weak strain when the peak splitting by shear strain cannot be resolved.

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Citations by journals

	1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Journal of Physical Chemistry C	Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 7, 7.37% Journal of Physical Chemistry C 7 publications, 7.37%
Carbon	Carbon, 7, 7.37% Carbon 7 publications, 7.37%
ACS Nano	ACS Nano, 6, 6.32% ACS Nano 6 publications, 6.32%
2D Materials	2D Materials, 5, 5.26% 2D Materials 5 publications, 5.26%
Nano Letters	Nano Letters, 5, 5.26% Nano Letters 5 publications, 5.26%
ACS applied materials & interfaces	ACS applied materials & interfaces, 4, 4.21% ACS applied materials & interfaces 4 publications, 4.21%
Journal of Applied Physics	Journal of Applied Physics, 4, 4.21% Journal of Applied Physics 4 publications, 4.21%
Advanced Materials Interfaces	Advanced Materials Interfaces, 4, 4.21% Advanced Materials Interfaces 4 publications, 4.21%
Nanomaterials	Nanomaterials, 3, 3.16% Nanomaterials 3 publications, 3.16%
Nanotechnology	Nanotechnology, 3, 3.16% Nanotechnology 3 publications, 3.16%
Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters	Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 3, 3.16% Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 3 publications, 3.16%
Applied Physics Letters	Applied Physics Letters, 2, 2.11% Applied Physics Letters 2 publications, 2.11%
Physical Review B	Physical Review B, 2, 2.11% Physical Review B 2 publications, 2.11%
ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology	ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 2, 2.11% ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 2 publications, 2.11%
Applied Sciences (Switzerland)	Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 2, 2.11% Applied Sciences (Switzerland) 2 publications, 2.11%
Materials	Materials, 2, 2.11% Materials 2 publications, 2.11%
npj 2D Materials and Applications	npj 2D Materials and Applications, 2, 2.11% npj 2D Materials and Applications 2 publications, 2.11%
Applied Surface Science	Applied Surface Science, 2, 2.11% Applied Surface Science 2 publications, 2.11%
ACS Omega	ACS Omega, 2, 2.11% ACS Omega 2 publications, 2.11%
ACS Applied Nano Materials	ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2, 2.11% ACS Applied Nano Materials 2 publications, 2.11%
Electronic Structure	Electronic Structure, 1, 1.05% Electronic Structure 1 publication, 1.05%
Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics	Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics, 1, 1.05% Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 1 publication, 1.05%
Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences	Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences, 1, 1.05% Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 1 publication, 1.05%
Crystals	Crystals, 1, 1.05% Crystals 1 publication, 1.05%
Frontiers in Chemistry	Frontiers in Chemistry, 1, 1.05% Frontiers in Chemistry 1 publication, 1.05%
npj Quantum Materials	npj Quantum Materials, 1, 1.05% npj Quantum Materials 1 publication, 1.05%
Nature Communications	Nature Communications, 1, 1.05% Nature Communications 1 publication, 1.05%
Journal of the Korean Physical Society	Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 1, 1.05% Journal of the Korean Physical Society 1 publication, 1.05%
Microchemical Journal	Microchemical Journal, 1, 1.05% Microchemical Journal 1 publication, 1.05%
New Journal of Physics	New Journal of Physics, 1, 1.05% New Journal of Physics 1 publication, 1.05%
	1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Citations by publishers

	5 10 15 20 25 30
American Chemical Society (ACS)	American Chemical Society (ACS), 29, 30.53% American Chemical Society (ACS) 29 publications, 30.53%
Elsevier	Elsevier, 15, 15.79% Elsevier 15 publications, 15.79%
Wiley	Wiley, 11, 11.58% Wiley 11 publications, 11.58%
IOP Publishing	IOP Publishing, 10, 10.53% IOP Publishing 10 publications, 10.53%
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 8, 8.42% Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 8 publications, 8.42%
American Institute of Physics (AIP)	American Institute of Physics (AIP), 7, 7.37% American Institute of Physics (AIP) 7 publications, 7.37%
Springer Nature	Springer Nature, 5, 5.26% Springer Nature 5 publications, 5.26%
American Physical Society (APS)	American Physical Society (APS), 2, 2.11% American Physical Society (APS) 2 publications, 2.11%
The Electrochemical Society	The Electrochemical Society, 2, 2.11% The Electrochemical Society 2 publications, 2.11%
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2, 2.11% Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) 2 publications, 2.11%
World Scientific	World Scientific, 1, 1.05% World Scientific 1 publication, 1.05%
Frontiers Media S.A.	Frontiers Media S.A., 1, 1.05% Frontiers Media S.A. 1 publication, 1.05%
The Carbon Society of Japan	The Carbon Society of Japan, 1, 1.05% The Carbon Society of Japan 1 publication, 1.05%
	5 10 15 20 25 30

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Mueller N. S. et al. Evaluating arbitrary strain configurations and doping in graphene with Raman spectroscopy // 2D Materials. 2017. Vol. 5. No. 1. p. 15016.

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Mueller N. S., Heeg S., Alvarez M. P., Kusch P., Wasserroth S., Clark N., Schedin F., Parthenios J., Papagelis K., Galiotis C., Kalbac M., Vijayaraghavan A., Ziegler M., Gorbachev R., Frank O., Reich S. Evaluating arbitrary strain configurations and doping in graphene with Raman spectroscopy // 2D Materials. 2017. Vol. 5. No. 1. p. 15016.

RIS |

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RIS Copy

TY - JOUR

DO - 10.1088/2053-1583/aa90b3

UR - https://doi.org/10.1088%2F2053-1583%2Faa90b3

TI - Evaluating arbitrary strain configurations and doping in graphene with Raman spectroscopy

T2 - 2D Materials

AU - Mueller, Niclas S.

AU - Heeg, Sebastian

AU - Alvarez, Miriam Peña

AU - Kusch, Patryk

AU - Wasserroth, Sören

AU - Clark, Nick

AU - Schedin, Fredrik

AU - Parthenios, John

AU - Papagelis, Konstantinos

AU - Galiotis, Costas

AU - Kalbac, Martin

AU - Vijayaraghavan, Aravind

AU - Ziegler, Mario

AU - Gorbachev, Roman

AU - Frank, Otakar

AU - Reich, Stephanie

PY - 2017

DA - 2017/11/06 00:00:00

PB - IOP Publishing

SP - 15016

IS - 1

VL - 5

SN - 2053-1583

ER -

BibTex |

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BibTex Copy

@article{2017_Mueller,

author = {Niclas S. Mueller and Sebastian Heeg and Miriam Peña Alvarez and Patryk Kusch and Sören Wasserroth and Nick Clark and Fredrik Schedin and John Parthenios and Konstantinos Papagelis and Costas Galiotis and Martin Kalbac and Aravind Vijayaraghavan and Mario Ziegler and Roman Gorbachev and Otakar Frank and Stephanie Reich},

title = {Evaluating arbitrary strain configurations and doping in graphene with Raman spectroscopy},

journal = {2D Materials},

year = {2017},

volume = {5},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

month = {nov},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1088%2F2053-1583%2Faa90b3},

number = {1},

pages = {15016},

doi = {10.1088/2053-1583/aa90b3}

}

MLA

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MLA Copy

Mueller, Niclas S., et al. “Evaluating arbitrary strain configurations and doping in graphene with Raman spectroscopy.” 2D Materials, vol. 5, no. 1, Nov. 2017, p. 15016. https://doi.org/10.1088%2F2053-1583%2Faa90b3.

Found error?

Publisher

IOP Publishing

Journal

2D Materials

Quartile SCImago

Quartile WOS

Impact factor

5.5

ISSN

20531583 (Electronic)

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