Facile Cell-Friendly Hollow-Core Fiber Diffusion-Limited Photofabrication
Bioprinting emerges as a powerful flexible approach for tissue engineering with prospective capability to produce tissue on demand, including biomimetic hollow-core fiber structures. In spite of significance for tissue engineering, hollow-core structures proved difficult to fabricate, with the existing methods limited to multistage, time-consuming, and cumbersome procedures. Here, we report a versatile cell-friendly photopolymerization approach that enables single-step prototyping of hollow-core as well as solid-core hydrogel fibers initially loaded with living cells. This approach was implemented by extruding cell-laden hyaluronic acid glycidyl methacrylate hydrogel directly into aqueous solution containing free radicals generated by continuous blue light photoexcitation of the flavin mononucleotide/triethanolamine photoinitiator. Diffusion of free radicals from the solution to the extruded structure initiated cross-linking of the hydrogel, progressing from the structure surface inwards. Thus, the cross-linked wall is formed and its thickness is limited by penetration of free radicals in the hydrogel volume. After developing in water, the hollow-core fiber is formed with centimeter range of lengths. Amazingly, HaCaT cells embedded in the hydrogel successfully go through the fabrication procedure. The broad size ranges have been demonstrated: from solid core to 6% wall thickness of the outer diameter, which was variable from sub-millimeter to 6 mm, and Young’s modulus ∼1.6 ± 0.4 MPa. This new proof-of-concept fibers photofabrication approach opens lucrative opportunities for facile three-dimensional fabrication of hollow-core biostructures with controllable geometry.
Citations by journals
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Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
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Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
1 publication, 20%
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Life
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Life
1 publication, 20%
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ACS applied materials & interfaces
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ACS applied materials & interfaces
1 publication, 20%
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Russian Chemical Reviews
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Russian Chemical Reviews
1 publication, 20%
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Advanced Science
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Advanced Science
1 publication, 20%
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Citations by publishers
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Frontiers Media S.A.
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Frontiers Media S.A.
1 publication, 20%
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
1 publication, 20%
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American Chemical Society (ACS)
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American Chemical Society (ACS)
1 publication, 20%
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Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii
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Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii
1 publication, 20%
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Wiley
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Wiley
1 publication, 20%
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