α‐Pinene inhibits the growth of cervical cancer cells through its proapoptotic activity by regulating the miR‐34a‐5p/Bcl‐2 signaling axis

Among gynecological tumors, cervical cancer (CC) has the second-highest prevalence and mortality rate. α-Pinene is a bicyclic monoterpenoid compound extracted from pine needles that carried promising anticancer properties. Nevertheless, its effect on CC and the underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the effect of α-Pinene on apoptosis in CC via in vitro assays of flow cytometry (FCW), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot. Following that, we detected the proapoptotic function of α-Pinene on HeLa cells in vivo by TUNEL assay and immunofluorescence staining. Our results displayed that the α-Pinene inhibited the growth of HeLa cells and stalled the cells in the G0/G1 phase. Interestingly, we also detected that α-Pinene induced HeLa cells to apoptosis. The results investigated that α-Pinene induced HeLa cells apoptosis along with up-regulating the expression of Bax, Bid, caspase-9, caspase-3, miR-34a-5p, and down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 in vitro. At the same time, the expression levels of target genes in vivo were consistent with those in vitro. Our experiment proved that α-Pinene promoted apoptosis, which will be used to hopefully maximize the therapeutic strategies in clinical studies in CC.