Association Between GLP1 RAs Use and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective
As the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to rise, addressing its associated health risks, including colorectal cancer (CRC), is important. This study examines the relationship between the use of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) and the risk of CRC in comparison with other antidiabetic therapies.
Methods
We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to August 10, 2024, following PRISMA guidelines. Data extraction and screening were performed using Nested Knowledge software. Meta‐analysis random effect model pooled Risk ratios (RRs) calculated using was performed using R v4.4 statistical software g. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO.
Results
Out of 1825 identified studies, five met the inclusion criteria, involving 2,047,256 T2DM patients assessing CRC risk. GLP‐1RAs were associated with a significant reduction in CRC risk compared to thiazolidinediones (RR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68–0.96), insulin (RR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.32–0.81), and SGLT2 inhibitors (RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.59–0.95). Comparisons with sulfonylureas, DPP‐4 inhibitors, and metformin were not statistically significant. A potential protective effect against alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors was observed (RR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.18–1.00) but requires further investigation.
Conclusion
The use of GLP‐1RAs in T2DM is linked to a reduced risk of CRC compared to several standard antidiabetic therapies. These findings underscore the importance of considering long‐term cancer risks in diabetes management and highlight the need for continued research to fully understand the implications of GLP‐1RA use in T2DM patients.
