Metal‐oxide Semiconductors for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

Cancer is the most dreaded disease and the leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate, lung, breast, and colon cancers are the most common types. Recent research has shown that the overall cost of cancer diagnosis and treatment is indeed decreasing for patients treated in the early stage, and, hence, the prognostic management of cancer remains a topic of key interest in the scientific community, from fabrication of device to even machine learning. A sensor is a device that detects events or changes in its environment and provides a proportional output. Breast cell–related diseases can be associated either with the regulation of hormone levels linked to the reproductive system or can be altered due to other underlying disease conditions. Silicon-based materials have an edge over other materials because of their properties such as large carrier mobility, chemical functionalization, compatibility with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor and very large-scale integration technologies.