Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry
SELEX: Critical factors and optimization strategies for successful aptamer selection
1
Department of Biosciences Paris Lodron University Salzburg Salzburg Austria
|
2
Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biosimilar Characterization Paris Lodron University Salzburg Salzburg Austria
|
Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 2021-09-03
Quartile SCImago
Q3
Quartile WOS
Q3
Impact factor: 2.8
ISSN: 08854513, 14708744
DOI:
10.1002/bab.2244
Drug Discovery
General Medicine
Molecular Medicine
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Biotechnology
Process Chemistry and Technology
Bioengineering
Biomedical Engineering
Abstract
Within the last decade, the application range of aptamers in biochemistry and medicine has expanded rapidly. More than just a replacement for antibodies, these intrinsically structured RNA- or DNA-oligonucleotides show great potential for utilization in diagnostics, specific drug delivery, and treatment of certain medical conditions. However, what is analyzed less frequently is the process of aptamer identification known as systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) and the functional mechanisms that lie at its core. SELEX involves numerous singular processes, each of which contributes to the success or failure of aptamer generation. In this review, critical steps during aptamer selection are discussed in-depth, and specific problems are presented along with potential solutions. The discussed aspects include the size and molecule type of the selected target, the nature and stringency of the selection process, the amplification step with its possible PCR bias, the efficient regeneration of RNA or single-stranded DNA, and the different sequencing procedures and screening assays currently available. Finally, useful quality control steps and their role within SELEX are presented. By understanding the mechanisms through which aptamer selection is influenced, the design of more efficient SELEX procedures leading to a higher success rate in aptamer identification is enabled.
Top-30
Citations by journals
|
1
2
3
4
5
|
|
|
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
5 publications, 4.42%
|
|
|
Biosensors
5 publications, 4.42%
|
|
|
Talanta
4 publications, 3.54%
|
|
|
Sensors
3 publications, 2.65%
|
|
|
Journal of the Electrochemical Society
2 publications, 1.77%
|
|
|
Foods
2 publications, 1.77%
|
|
|
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
2 publications, 1.77%
|
|
|
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
2 publications, 1.77%
|
|
|
TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry
2 publications, 1.77%
|
|
|
Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology
2 publications, 1.77%
|
|
|
Analytical Chemistry
2 publications, 1.77%
|
|
|
Molecules
2 publications, 1.77%
|
|
|
Analytica Chimica Acta
2 publications, 1.77%
|
|
|
Microchimica Acta
2 publications, 1.77%
|
|
|
Analytical Biochemistry
2 publications, 1.77%
|
|
|
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
Applied Sciences (Switzerland)
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
Nature Reviews Genetics
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
Methods
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
Environmental Research
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
Langmuir
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
Journal of Materials Chemistry B
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
Advanced healthcare materials
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
Clinical Immunology Communications
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
Pharmaceuticals
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
ACS Sensors
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
|
Citations by publishers
|
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
|
|
|
Elsevier
38 publications, 33.63%
|
|
|
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
23 publications, 20.35%
|
|
|
Springer Nature
12 publications, 10.62%
|
|
|
Wiley
8 publications, 7.08%
|
|
|
American Chemical Society (ACS)
6 publications, 5.31%
|
|
|
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
5 publications, 4.42%
|
|
|
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
4 publications, 3.54%
|
|
|
The Electrochemical Society
3 publications, 2.65%
|
|
|
Frontiers Media S.A.
2 publications, 1.77%
|
|
|
Taylor & Francis
2 publications, 1.77%
|
|
|
The Royal Society
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
SAGE
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
American Scientific Publishers
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
OAE Publishing Inc.
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
Annual Reviews
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
Pleiades Publishing
1 publication, 0.88%
|
|
|
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
|
- We do not take into account publications without a DOI.
- Statistics recalculated only for publications connected to researchers, organizations and labs registered on the platform.
- Statistics recalculated weekly.
{"yearsCitations":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[0,0,0,0],"codes":[0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["","","",""],"datasets":[{"label":"Citations number","data":[2,18,33,60],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":["1.77","15.93","29.2","53.1"],"barThickness":null}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"journals":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences","Biosensors","Talanta","Sensors","Journal of the Electrochemical Society","Foods","Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences","International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry","Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology","Analytical Chemistry","Molecules","Analytica Chimica Acta","Microchimica Acta","Analytical Biochemistry","Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","Applied Sciences (Switzerland)","Nature Reviews Genetics","Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry","Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","Methods","Environmental Research","Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Basis of Disease","Langmuir","Journal of Materials Chemistry B","Advanced healthcare materials","Clinical Immunology Communications","Pharmaceuticals","ACS Sensors"],"ids":[14627,5233,4331,18435,5297,11536,3133,23035,434,17907,18157,1770,19094,11314,22528,4020,16650,13955,11788,22454,16671,5708,15106,19601,11516,21975,36079,1203,8271],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/s6nfxitVCZUsdJiJZESaAXqdmMJxom8q4Ps6ayL2_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/4QWA67eqfcfyOiA8Wk7YnqroHFqQbTsmDJUYTCTg_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/BHBStD1OkQqtKFRRjS5njgNe7bXCAEgaDQVK7GTA_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp"],"datasets":[{"label":"","data":[5,5,4,3,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":[4.42,4.42,3.54,2.65,1.77,1.77,1.77,1.77,1.77,1.77,1.77,1.77,1.77,1.77,1.77,0.88,0.88,0.88,0.88,0.88,0.88,0.88,0.88,0.88,0.88,0.88,0.88,0.88,0.88],"barThickness":13}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"y","maintainAspectRatio":false,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":null,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Journals","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"publishers":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":["Elsevier","Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)","Springer Nature","Wiley","American Chemical Society (ACS)","Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","The Electrochemical Society","Frontiers Media S.A.","Taylor & Francis","The Royal Society","SAGE","American Scientific Publishers","OAE Publishing Inc.","Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii","Annual Reviews","Pleiades Publishing"],"ids":[17,202,8,11,40,6909,123,6916,208,18,259,31,679,7181,9422,6941,101],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/hg4jJjT8wVGtHstBCc0zk465Mg9pLx3G4odCDOqE_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/s6nfxitVCZUsdJiJZESaAXqdmMJxom8q4Ps6ayL2_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/4QWA67eqfcfyOiA8Wk7YnqroHFqQbTsmDJUYTCTg_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/5YZtvLvkPZuc2JHOaZsjCvGSHFCuC3drUwN3YAc5_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/BHBStD1OkQqtKFRRjS5njgNe7bXCAEgaDQVK7GTA_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/ruydfaB80LDjlkYqsfOeUAZohOIODyq7bQzis5O7_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/3RKsjkHc38X9y2xwqEEGp02jSMcYwvDgfDB3LdnI_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/0oGA3odz6rRHYyWD8vQnHiPJ8KIaP1PtNoJm7RE1_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/9Mus3KG1Tkd7Bwaurt8H3RwWh0CxRlGoO6ng9UK1_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/A7oGMwx1m3fFJlKJvQUVra8h0itmEa7JZW0q3Q0b_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/oZgeErrVFhuDksyqFURLvYS1wtVSBWczh001igGo_medium.webp"],"datasets":[{"label":"","data":[38,23,12,8,6,5,4,3,2,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":[33.63,20.35,10.62,7.08,5.31,4.42,3.54,2.65,1.77,1.77,0.88,0.88,0.88,0.88,0.88,0.88,0.88],"barThickness":13}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"y","maintainAspectRatio":false,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":null,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Publishers","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"yearsCitationsQuartiles":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[],"codes":[],"imageUrls":[],"datasets":[{"label":"Q4","backgroundColor":"rgb(221,90,78)","data":[0,0,0,1],"percentage":["0","0","0","0.88"]},{"label":"Q3","backgroundColor":"rgb(251, 163,83)","data":[0,0,1,2],"percentage":["0","0","0.88","1.77"]},{"label":"Q2","backgroundColor":"rgb(232, 213, 89)","data":[0,2,3,14],"percentage":["0","1.77","2.65","12.39"]},{"label":"Q1","backgroundColor":"rgb(164, 207, 99)","data":[2,12,24,37],"percentage":["1.77","10.62","21.24","32.74"]},{"label":"Quartile not defined","backgroundColor":"#E5E7EB","data":[0,4,5,6],"percentage":["0","3.54","4.42","5.31"]}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations quartiles by SCImago per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"yearsCitationsQuartilesWs":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[],"codes":[],"imageUrls":[],"datasets":[{"label":"Q4","backgroundColor":"rgb(221,90,78)","data":[0,0,0,1],"percentage":["0","0","0","0.88"]},{"label":"Q3","backgroundColor":"rgb(251, 163,83)","data":[0,0,1,3],"percentage":["0","0","0.88","2.65"]},{"label":"Q2","backgroundColor":"rgb(232, 213, 89)","data":[1,6,10,17],"percentage":["0.88","5.31","8.85","15.04"]},{"label":"Q1","backgroundColor":"rgb(164, 207, 99)","data":[1,8,15,30],"percentage":["0.88","7.08","13.27","26.55"]},{"label":"Quartile not defined","backgroundColor":"#E5E7EB","data":[0,4,7,9],"percentage":["0","3.54","6.19","7.96"]}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations quartiles by WoS per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}}}
Are you a researcher?
Create a profile to get free access to personal recommendations for colleagues and new articles.
Metrics
Cite this
GOST |
RIS |
BibTex
Cite this
GOST
Copy
Kohlberger M. et al. SELEX: Critical factors and optimization strategies for successful aptamer selection // Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. 2021.
GOST all authors (up to 50)
Copy
Kohlberger M., Gadermaier G. SELEX: Critical factors and optimization strategies for successful aptamer selection // Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. 2021.
Cite this
RIS
Copy
TY - JOUR
DO - 10.1002/bab.2244
UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.2244
TI - SELEX: Critical factors and optimization strategies for successful aptamer selection
T2 - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry
AU - Kohlberger, Michael
AU - Gadermaier, Gabriele
PY - 2021
DA - 2021/09/03 00:00:00
PB - Wiley
SN - 0885-4513
SN - 1470-8744
ER -
Cite this
BibTex
Copy
@article{2021_Kohlberger,
author = {Michael Kohlberger and Gabriele Gadermaier},
title = {SELEX: Critical factors and optimization strategies for successful aptamer selection},
journal = {Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry},
year = {2021},
publisher = {Wiley},
month = {sep},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.2244},
doi = {10.1002/bab.2244}
}