Small, volume 16, issue 14, pages 2000279

Overcoming the Interfacial Limitations Imposed by the Solid–Solid Interface in Solid‐State Batteries Using Ionic Liquid‐Based Interlayers

Syed Atif Pervez ^{1, 2}

Guktae Kim ^{1, 2}

Ramaprabhu Sundara ^{1, 2}

Musa Ali Cambaz ^{1, 2}

Matthias Kuenzel ^{1, 2}

Maral Hekmatfar ^{1, 2}

Maximilian Fichtner ^{1, 3}

Stefano Passerini ^{1, 2}

Hide authors affiliations Show authors affiliations: 3 affiliations

Helmholtz Institute Ulm Helmholtzstraße, 11 Ulm D‐89081 Germany |

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology P.O. Box 3640 Karlsruhe D‐76021 Germany |

Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyInstitute of Nanotechnology P.O. Box 3640 Karlsruhe D‐76021 Germany |

Publication type: Journal Article

Publication date: 2020-04-01

Wiley

Journal: Small

Quartile SCImago

Quartile WOS

Impact factor: 13.3

ISSN: 16136810, 16136829

DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000279

Copy DOI

General Chemistry

Biotechnology

General Materials Science

Biomaterials

Abstract

Li-garnets are promising inorganic ceramic solid electrolytes for lithium metal batteries, showing good electrochemical stability with Li anode. However, their brittle and stiff nature restricts their intimate contact with both the electrodes, hence presenting high interfacial resistance to the ionic mobility. To address this issue, a strategy employing ionic liquid electrolyte (ILE) thin interlayers at the electrodes/electrolyte interfaces is adopted, which helps overcome the barrier for ion transport. The chemically stable ILE improves the electrodes-solid electrolyte contact, significantly reducing the interfacial resistance at both the positive and negative electrodes interfaces. This results in the more homogeneous deposition of metallic lithium at the negative electrode, suppressing the dendrite growth across the solid electrolyte even at high current densities of 0.3 mA cm-2 . Further, the improved interface Li/electrolyte interface results in decreasing the overpotential of symmetric Li/Li cells from 1.35 to 0.35 V. The ILE modified Li/LLZO/LFP cells stacked either in monopolar or bipolar configurations show excellent electrochemical performance. In particular, the bipolar cell operates at a high voltage (≈8 V) and delivers specific capacity as high as 145 mAh g-1 with a coulombic efficiency greater than 99%.

By date By citations

Top-30

Citations by journals

	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
ACS applied materials & interfaces	ACS applied materials & interfaces, 9, 10.84% ACS applied materials & interfaces 9 publications, 10.84%
Advanced Energy Materials	Advanced Energy Materials, 4, 4.82% Advanced Energy Materials 4 publications, 4.82%
ACS Applied Energy Materials	ACS Applied Energy Materials, 4, 4.82% ACS Applied Energy Materials 4 publications, 4.82%
Journal of Materials Chemistry A	Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 4, 4.82% Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4 publications, 4.82%
Chemical Engineering Journal	Chemical Engineering Journal, 3, 3.61% Chemical Engineering Journal 3 publications, 3.61%
ChemSusChem	ChemSusChem, 3, 3.61% ChemSusChem 3 publications, 3.61%
Energy and Environmental Science	Energy and Environmental Science, 3, 3.61% Energy and Environmental Science 3 publications, 3.61%
Energy Materials	Energy Materials, 3, 3.61% Energy Materials 3 publications, 3.61%
Materials Today Energy	Materials Today Energy, 2, 2.41% Materials Today Energy 2 publications, 2.41%
Angewandte Chemie - International Edition	Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, 2, 2.41% Angewandte Chemie - International Edition 2 publications, 2.41%
Angewandte Chemie	Angewandte Chemie, 2, 2.41% Angewandte Chemie 2 publications, 2.41%
Advanced Functional Materials	Advanced Functional Materials, 2, 2.41% Advanced Functional Materials 2 publications, 2.41%
Batteries & Supercaps	Batteries & Supercaps, 2, 2.41% Batteries & Supercaps 2 publications, 2.41%
Progress in Materials Science	Progress in Materials Science, 1, 1.2% Progress in Materials Science 1 publication, 1.2%
Electrochemistry	Electrochemistry, 1, 1.2% Electrochemistry 1 publication, 1.2%
Molecules	Molecules, 1, 1.2% Molecules 1 publication, 1.2%
Electrochem	Electrochem, 1, 1.2% Electrochem 1 publication, 1.2%
Applied Sciences (Switzerland)	Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 1, 1.2% Applied Sciences (Switzerland) 1 publication, 1.2%
Polymers	Polymers, 1, 1.2% Polymers 1 publication, 1.2%
Scientific Reports	Scientific Reports, 1, 1.2% Scientific Reports 1 publication, 1.2%
Science China Technological Sciences	Science China Technological Sciences, 1, 1.2% Science China Technological Sciences 1 publication, 1.2%
Joule	Joule, 1, 1.2% Joule 1 publication, 1.2%
Electrochimica Acta	Electrochimica Acta, 1, 1.2% Electrochimica Acta 1 publication, 1.2%
Journal of Alloys and Compounds	Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 1, 1.2% Journal of Alloys and Compounds 1 publication, 1.2%
Journal of Power Sources	Journal of Power Sources, 1, 1.2% Journal of Power Sources 1 publication, 1.2%
Materials Today Chemistry	Materials Today Chemistry, 1, 1.2% Materials Today Chemistry 1 publication, 1.2%
Green Chemical Engineering	Green Chemical Engineering, 1, 1.2% Green Chemical Engineering 1 publication, 1.2%
Sustainable Materials and Technologies	Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 1, 1.2% Sustainable Materials and Technologies 1 publication, 1.2%
Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research	Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research, 1, 1.2% Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research 1 publication, 1.2%
Advanced Materials Interfaces	Advanced Materials Interfaces, 1, 1.2% Advanced Materials Interfaces 1 publication, 1.2%
	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Citations by publishers

	5 10 15 20 25 30
Wiley	Wiley, 27, 32.53% Wiley 27 publications, 32.53%
American Chemical Society (ACS)	American Chemical Society (ACS), 18, 21.69% American Chemical Society (ACS) 18 publications, 21.69%
Elsevier	Elsevier, 15, 18.07% Elsevier 15 publications, 18.07%
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 7, 8.43% Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) 7 publications, 8.43%
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 6, 7.23% Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) 6 publications, 7.23%
Springer Nature	Springer Nature, 3, 3.61% Springer Nature 3 publications, 3.61%
OAE Publishing Inc.	OAE Publishing Inc., 3, 3.61% OAE Publishing Inc. 3 publications, 3.61%
The Electrochemical Society of Japan	The Electrochemical Society of Japan, 1, 1.2% The Electrochemical Society of Japan 1 publication, 1.2%
ASME	ASME, 1, 1.2% ASME 1 publication, 1.2%
Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii	Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii, 1, 1.2% Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii 1 publication, 1.2%
	5 10 15 20 25 30

We do not take into account publications without a DOI.
Statistics recalculated only for publications connected to researchers, organizations and labs registered on the platform.
Statistics recalculated weekly.

{"yearsCitations":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[0,0,0,0,0],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["","","","",""],"datasets":[{"label":"Citations number","data":[7,23,19,22,12],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":["8.43","27.71","22.89","26.51","14.46"],"barThickness":null}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"journals":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":["ACS applied materials & interfaces","Advanced Energy Materials","ACS Applied Energy Materials","Journal of Materials Chemistry A","Chemical Engineering Journal","ChemSusChem","Energy and Environmental Science","Energy Materials","Materials Today Energy","Angewandte Chemie - International Edition","Angewandte Chemie","Advanced Functional Materials","Batteries & Supercaps","Progress in Materials Science","Electrochemistry","Molecules","Electrochem","Applied Sciences (Switzerland)","Polymers","Scientific Reports","Science China Technological Sciences","Joule","Electrochimica Acta","Journal of Alloys and Compounds","Journal of Power Sources","Materials Today Chemistry","Green Chemical Engineering","Sustainable Materials and Technologies","Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research","Advanced Materials Interfaces"],"ids":[1458,22475,6419,14919,16275,6896,10138,29519,15323,19215,25450,7715,26456,21250,7343,1770,27757,16650,11204,13767,9396,22630,15613,4015,14844,1350,27850,5809,27494,18764],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/5YZtvLvkPZuc2JHOaZsjCvGSHFCuC3drUwN3YAc5_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/JWkRrt4U4oPa4E6W7adkLpyIMTatGmlu51Ge50zC_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp"],"datasets":[{"label":"","data":[9,4,4,4,3,3,3,3,2,2,2,2,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":[10.84,4.82,4.82,4.82,3.61,3.61,3.61,3.61,2.41,2.41,2.41,2.41,2.41,1.2,1.2,1.2,1.2,1.2,1.2,1.2,1.2,1.2,1.2,1.2,1.2,1.2,1.2,1.2,1.2,1.2],"barThickness":13}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"y","maintainAspectRatio":false,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":null,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Journals","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"publishers":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":["Wiley","American Chemical Society (ACS)","Elsevier","Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)","Springer Nature","OAE Publishing Inc.","The Electrochemical Society of Japan","ASME","Autonomous Non-profit Organization Editorial Board of the journal Uspekhi Khimii"],"ids":[11,40,17,123,202,8,7181,7035,6977,9422],"codes":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"imageUrls":["\/storage\/images\/resized\/bRyGpdm98BkAUYiK1YFNpl5Z7hPu6Gd87gbIeuG3_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/iLiQsFqFaSEx6chlGQ5fbAwF6VYU3WWa08hkss0g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/GDnYOu1UpMMfMMRV6Aqle4H0YLLsraeD9IP9qScG_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/leiAYcRDGTSl5B1eCnwpSGqmDEUEfDPPoYisFGhT_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/MjH1ITP7lMYGxeqUZfkt2BnVLgjkk413jwBV97XX_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/voXLqlsvTwv5p3iMQ8Dhs95nqB4AXOG7Taj7G4ra_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/0oGA3odz6rRHYyWD8vQnHiPJ8KIaP1PtNoJm7RE1_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/JWkRrt4U4oPa4E6W7adkLpyIMTatGmlu51Ge50zC_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/yKbGpvfNleUTiwBfKt4XcIFlZMo3HgWv1KKVqn4g_medium.webp","\/storage\/images\/resized\/9Mus3KG1Tkd7Bwaurt8H3RwWh0CxRlGoO6ng9UK1_medium.webp"],"datasets":[{"label":"","data":[27,18,15,7,6,3,3,1,1,1],"backgroundColor":["#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6","#3B82F6"],"percentage":[32.53,21.69,18.07,8.43,7.23,3.61,3.61,1.2,1.2,1.2],"barThickness":13}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"y","maintainAspectRatio":false,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":null,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":false}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Publishers","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"yearsCitationsQuartiles":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[],"codes":[],"imageUrls":[],"datasets":[{"label":"Q4","backgroundColor":"rgb(221,90,78)","data":[0,1,0,0,0],"percentage":["0","1.2","0","0","0"]},{"label":"Q3","backgroundColor":"rgb(251, 163,83)","data":[0,0,0,0,0],"percentage":["0","0","0","0","0"]},{"label":"Q2","backgroundColor":"rgb(232, 213, 89)","data":[0,0,2,3,1],"percentage":["0","0","2.41","3.61","1.2"]},{"label":"Q1","backgroundColor":"rgb(164, 207, 99)","data":[7,20,17,15,10],"percentage":["8.43","24.1","20.48","18.07","12.05"]},{"label":"Quartile not defined","backgroundColor":"#E5E7EB","data":[0,2,0,4,1],"percentage":["0","2.41","0","4.82","1.2"]}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations quartiles by SCImago per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}},"yearsCitationsQuartilesWs":{"type":"bar","data":{"show":true,"labels":[2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"ids":[],"codes":[],"imageUrls":[],"datasets":[{"label":"Q4","backgroundColor":"rgb(221,90,78)","data":[0,1,0,0,0],"percentage":["0","1.2","0","0","0"]},{"label":"Q3","backgroundColor":"rgb(251, 163,83)","data":[0,0,1,0,0],"percentage":["0","0","1.2","0","0"]},{"label":"Q2","backgroundColor":"rgb(232, 213, 89)","data":[1,3,5,5,1],"percentage":["1.2","3.61","6.02","6.02","1.2"]},{"label":"Q1","backgroundColor":"rgb(164, 207, 99)","data":[5,16,13,13,9],"percentage":["6.02","19.28","15.66","15.66","10.84"]},{"label":"Quartile not defined","backgroundColor":"#E5E7EB","data":[1,3,0,4,2],"percentage":["1.2","3.61","0","4.82","2.41"]}]},"options":{"indexAxis":"x","maintainAspectRatio":true,"scales":{"y":{"ticks":{"precision":0,"autoSkip":false,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true},"x":{"ticks":{"stepSize":1,"precision":0,"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"},"stacked":true}},"plugins":{"legend":{"position":"top","labels":{"font":{"family":"Montserrat"},"color":"#000000"}},"title":{"display":true,"text":"Citations quartiles by WoS per year","font":{"size":24,"family":"Montserrat","weight":600},"color":"#000000"}}}}}

Are you a researcher?

Create a profile to get free access to personal recommendations for colleagues and new articles.

Metrics

Cite this

GOST |

Cite this

GOST Copy

Pervez S. A. et al. Overcoming the Interfacial Limitations Imposed by the Solid–Solid Interface in Solid‐State Batteries Using Ionic Liquid‐Based Interlayers // Small. 2020. Vol. 16. No. 14. p. 2000279.

GOST all authors (up to 50) Copy

Pervez S. A., Kim G., Sundara R., Cambaz M. A., Kuenzel M., Hekmatfar M., Fichtner M., Passerini S. Overcoming the Interfacial Limitations Imposed by the Solid–Solid Interface in Solid‐State Batteries Using Ionic Liquid‐Based Interlayers // Small. 2020. Vol. 16. No. 14. p. 2000279.

RIS |

Cite this

RIS Copy

TY - JOUR

DO - 10.1002/smll.202000279

UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202000279

TI - Overcoming the Interfacial Limitations Imposed by the Solid–Solid Interface in Solid‐State Batteries Using Ionic Liquid‐Based Interlayers

T2 - Small

AU - Kim, Guktae

AU - Hekmatfar, Maral

AU - Passerini, Stefano

AU - Pervez, Syed Atif

AU - Sundara, Ramaprabhu

AU - Cambaz, Musa Ali

AU - Kuenzel, Matthias

AU - Fichtner, Maximilian

PY - 2020

DA - 2020/04/01 00:00:00

PB - Wiley

SP - 2000279

IS - 14

VL - 16

SN - 1613-6810

SN - 1613-6829

ER -

BibTex |

Cite this

BibTex Copy

@article{2020_Pervez,

author = {Guktae Kim and Maral Hekmatfar and Stefano Passerini and Syed Atif Pervez and Ramaprabhu Sundara and Musa Ali Cambaz and Matthias Kuenzel and Maximilian Fichtner},

title = {Overcoming the Interfacial Limitations Imposed by the Solid–Solid Interface in Solid‐State Batteries Using Ionic Liquid‐Based Interlayers},

journal = {Small},

year = {2020},

volume = {16},

publisher = {Wiley},

month = {apr},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202000279},

number = {14},

pages = {2000279},

doi = {10.1002/smll.202000279}

}

MLA

Cite this

MLA Copy

Pervez, Syed Atif, et al. “Overcoming the Interfacial Limitations Imposed by the Solid–Solid Interface in Solid‐State Batteries Using Ionic Liquid‐Based Interlayers.” Small, vol. 16, no. 14, Apr. 2020, p. 2000279. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202000279.

Found error?

Publisher

Wiley

Journal

Small

Quartile SCImago

Quartile WOS

Impact factor

13.3

ISSN

16136810 (Print)
16136829 (Electronic)