Conclusion

Based on the findings, it is concluded that the case study of Iran confirms the propositions of the theoretical framework. This indicates that the theory is applicable and relevant to understanding the dynamics of the Iran nuclear deal and the potential for cooperation in protracted conflicts. The theory regarding the breakdown of the JCPOA and its implications for international non-proliferation efforts are applicable to the current Iranian nuclear ambitions. The conclusion also provides policy implications of the study. It suggests that the findings of the study have implications for US foreign and security policies and calls for specific policy recommendations in relation to Iran. It emphasizes the need for the United States to renegotiate the Iran nuclear deal to prevent Tehran from developing and using nuclear weapons. It highlights that the breakdown of the JCPOA would erode the global non-proliferation framework, raise doubts about diplomacy's effectiveness, reduce trust among treaty signatories, and hinder future nuclear negotiations. The deal's collapse could also result in the loss of vital monitoring mechanisms, making it harder to oversee Iran's nuclear activities. Additionally, it may disrupt regional alliances, causing countries like European powers and Russia to adjust their positions, potentially complicating efforts to address regional conflicts and security concerns. Furthermore, it emphasizes that informal and short-term agreements differ significantly from the JCPOA, underscoring the need to acknowledge the JCPOA’s unique importance in the context of nuclear nonproliferation. Overall, the JCPOA’s failure and deteriorating US-Iran relations could have significant and far-reaching implications for regional stability and nuclear proliferation prevention in the Middle East. Additionally, the breakdown of the JCPOA could prolong the ongoing conflict between Iran and the United States.