From Kanner to DSM-V

This chapter provides a comprehensive historical overview of the evolution of the autism diagnosis from its initial identification by Leo Kanner in 1943, through various Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) editions, to its current conceptualization in the DSM-5. It highlights Kanner’s groundbreaking work in distinguishing autism from childhood schizophrenia and traces the subsequent refinements in diagnostic criteria, reflecting a growing understanding and differentiation of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Additionally, it discusses the challenges of diagnosis and the implications of the changing criteria for both prevalence and services. This chapter emphasizes the importance of early and accurate diagnosis for effective intervention and the ongoing debate around diagnostic standards in the DSM-5.