Springer Proceedings in Physics, pages 181-220
Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors and Its Applications—An Overview
Pujarani Parida
1
,
Jayashree Patra
1
,
Vijay Raj Singh
2
,
Virendra Kumar Verma
1
Publication type: Book Chapter
Publication date: 2024-12-29
Journal:
Springer Proceedings in Physics
SJR: 0.135
CiteScore: 0.4
Impact factor: —
ISSN: 09308989, 18674941
Abstract
Magnetic semiconductors are attracting attention because of their potential for novel functions and innovative device designs in spintronic and electrical applications. Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) or semi-magnetic semiconductors have garnered significant interest as they combine the properties of ferromagnets and semiconductors. The DMS materials having dual characteristics (i.e. magnetic and semiconducting) are used in spintronics applications. These are important branches of material science. The atoms having magnetic moments known as transition metals (TM) are incorporated into the host semiconductor compound to form a DMS material. These semiconductors are different from classical semiconductors by magnetic properties. There are various types of semiconducting compounds like III–V and II–VI semiconducting materials. II–VI semiconductors are a significant class of semiconductors with exciting and distinctive fundamental features that have applications in various fields. These are the combination of group II and VI elements of the periodic table. Applications for II–VI materials include a broad spectrum of fascinating and important scientific subjects, such as the study of the universe, human health, clean energy sources, and environmental problems. Over the past few centuries, group III–VI substances have garnered plenty of significant attention, group III–VI compounds attracted lots of interest, mostly due to the optoelectronic characteristics of indium and gallium chalcogenides. Its special characteristics are fostering discoveries in both basic and applied science. The convergence of photonics, electronics, and magnetics results in the development of spin-based multifunctional devices, including spin-LEDs, spin-FETs, spin lasers, and so on. The principles of operation for such devices were recently examined. The current work summarizes several theoretical models that clarify the room temperature ferromagnetism in dilute magnetic semiconductors, including the Mean-field Zener Model, Bound Magnetic Polaron (BMP), Ruderman, Kittel, Kasuya, and Yosida (RKKY), and Zener models. This work demonstrates that, concerning many BMP models, magnetic ordering is most important for determining the RTFM and is effective in explaining the FM exchange coupling. When DMS and spintronic technologies are combined, quick, minimal power consumption and non-volatile storage devices can be created, which has the potential to entirely change the electronics industry in the future. We hope that this thorough examination will shed light on the important components of DMS and their contribution to the development of spintronics, offering predictions for future developments and possibly ground-breaking discoveries.
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