Springer Nature
Diabetologia
,  volume 68 ,  issue 6 ,  pages 1126-1139

Cardiac arrhythmia and hypoglycaemia among individuals with and without diabetes receiving haemodialysis (the CADDY study): a Danish multicentre cohort study

Dea Kofod 1
, 
Søren Zöga Diederichsen 2
, 
Tobias Bomholt 1
, 
Mads Ørbæk Andersen 2
, 
Andreas Andersen 3
, 
Ebba Mannheimer 1
, 
Marianne Rix 1
, 
Ylian S. Liem 1
, 
Kristine Lindhard 4
, 
Henrik P. Hansen 4
, 
Casper Rydahl 4
, 
Morten Lindhardt 5, 6
, 
Julie Maria Bøggild Brøsen 7
, 
Kristine Schandorff 7
, 
Theis Lange 8
, 
K Norgaard 3, 6
, 
Thomas P. Almdal 1, 6
, 
J. Svendsen 2, 6
, 
B Feldt-Rasmussen 1, 6
, 
Mads Hornum 1, 6
1
 
2
 
3
 
4
 
5
 
6
 
7
 
8
 
Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 2025-02-28
Springer Nature
scimago Q1
wos Q1
SJR: 3.617
CiteScore: 16.7
Impact factor: 10.2
ISSN: 0012186X, 14320428
Abstract
Aims/hypothesis

We aimed to examine arrhythmias and hypoglycaemia among individuals with and without diabetes who are receiving haemodialysis and to investigate the association between arrhythmias and hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and glycaemic variability.

Methods

This prospective multicentre cohort study included 70 participants on maintenance haemodialysis (35 with diabetes and 35 without diabetes). We employed implantable cardiac monitors for continuous heart rhythm monitoring in combination with periodic use of continuous glucose monitoring. Logistic-regression-type linear mixed models were used to examine associations between arrhythmias and glycaemic measures.

Results

During 18 months of follow-up, clinically significant arrhythmias (bradyarrhythmia and ventricular tachycardia) were identified in 12 (34%) participants with diabetes and 11 (31%) without diabetes. Atrial fibrillation was detected in 13 (37%) participants with diabetes and 14 (40%) without, while other supraventricular tachycardia was detected in seven (20%) and 11 (31%) participants with and without diabetes, respectively. Hypoglycaemia (sensor glucose <3.9 mmol/l) was observed in 27 (77%) participants with diabetes and 32 (91%) without diabetes. Compared with euglycaemia, hypoglycaemia was associated with an increased rate of arrhythmias among participants without diabetes (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 3.13 [95% CI 1.49, 6.55]), while hyperglycaemia (sensor glucose >10.0 mmol/l) was associated with a decreased rate of arrhythmias among participants with diabetes (IRR 0.58 [95% CI 0.37, 0.92]). Glycaemic variability showed no association with arrhythmias regardless of the presence of diabetes.

Conclusions/interpretation

Arrhythmias and hypoglycaemia were common in those undergoing haemodialysis regardless of diabetes status. Our data suggest a temporal relationship between arrhythmias and glucose level in both individuals with and without diabetes.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04841304.

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GOST Copy
Kofod D. et al. Cardiac arrhythmia and hypoglycaemia among individuals with and without diabetes receiving haemodialysis (the CADDY study): a Danish multicentre cohort study // Diabetologia. 2025. Vol. 68. No. 6. pp. 1126-1139.
GOST all authors (up to 50) Copy
Kofod D., Diederichsen S. Z., Bomholt T., Andersen M. Ø., Andersen A., Mannheimer E., Rix M., Liem Y. S., Lindhard K., Hansen H. P., Rydahl C., Lindhardt M., Brøsen J. M. B., Schandorff K., Lange T., Norgaard K., Almdal T. P., Svendsen J., Feldt-Rasmussen B., Hornum M. Cardiac arrhythmia and hypoglycaemia among individuals with and without diabetes receiving haemodialysis (the CADDY study): a Danish multicentre cohort study // Diabetologia. 2025. Vol. 68. No. 6. pp. 1126-1139.
RIS |
Cite this
RIS Copy
TY - JOUR
DO - 10.1007/s00125-025-06388-5
UR - https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00125-025-06388-5
TI - Cardiac arrhythmia and hypoglycaemia among individuals with and without diabetes receiving haemodialysis (the CADDY study): a Danish multicentre cohort study
T2 - Diabetologia
AU - Kofod, Dea
AU - Diederichsen, Søren Zöga
AU - Bomholt, Tobias
AU - Andersen, Mads Ørbæk
AU - Andersen, Andreas
AU - Mannheimer, Ebba
AU - Rix, Marianne
AU - Liem, Ylian S.
AU - Lindhard, Kristine
AU - Hansen, Henrik P.
AU - Rydahl, Casper
AU - Lindhardt, Morten
AU - Brøsen, Julie Maria Bøggild
AU - Schandorff, Kristine
AU - Lange, Theis
AU - Norgaard, K
AU - Almdal, Thomas P.
AU - Svendsen, J.
AU - Feldt-Rasmussen, B
AU - Hornum, Mads
PY - 2025
DA - 2025/02/28
PB - Springer Nature
SP - 1126-1139
IS - 6
VL - 68
SN - 0012-186X
SN - 1432-0428
ER -
BibTex |
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BibTex (up to 50 authors) Copy
@article{2025_Kofod,
author = {Dea Kofod and Søren Zöga Diederichsen and Tobias Bomholt and Mads Ørbæk Andersen and Andreas Andersen and Ebba Mannheimer and Marianne Rix and Ylian S. Liem and Kristine Lindhard and Henrik P. Hansen and Casper Rydahl and Morten Lindhardt and Julie Maria Bøggild Brøsen and Kristine Schandorff and Theis Lange and K Norgaard and Thomas P. Almdal and J. Svendsen and B Feldt-Rasmussen and Mads Hornum},
title = {Cardiac arrhythmia and hypoglycaemia among individuals with and without diabetes receiving haemodialysis (the CADDY study): a Danish multicentre cohort study},
journal = {Diabetologia},
year = {2025},
volume = {68},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
month = {feb},
url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00125-025-06388-5},
number = {6},
pages = {1126--1139},
doi = {10.1007/s00125-025-06388-5}
}
MLA
Cite this
MLA Copy
Kofod, Dea, et al. “Cardiac arrhythmia and hypoglycaemia among individuals with and without diabetes receiving haemodialysis (the CADDY study): a Danish multicentre cohort study.” Diabetologia, vol. 68, no. 6, Feb. 2025, pp. 1126-1139. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00125-025-06388-5.