The therapeutics of fat grafting and adipose derived stem cells in burn injuries—a comprehensive review of the evidence and challenges

Burn injuries are among the most common types of injuries worldwide, with devastating long-term physical and psychological effects. Recently, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have shown promise as a potential therapeutic approach for reversing fibrosis, promoting wound healing, and remodeling scars in various types of injuries. ADSCs possess unique features such as multipotency, immunomodulation, and the ability to secrete regenerative factors. These characteristics position them as attractive candidates for enhancing tissue regeneration and reducing inflammation in burn injuries. This overview discusses the current understanding of the biological properties of fat grafts, focusing on ADSCs, in relation to burn injury mechanisms and its clinical manifestations. We examine the role of ADSCs in burn injury and recovery, exploring potential mechanisms of action and future research directions. The aim is to facilitate the clinical application of ADSCs in treating burns and to address the challenges of their clinical use highlighting areas for further research. Level of evidence: Not ratable