Adsorption behavior of Cu(II) on UV-aged polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene microplastics in aqueous solution

Plastics are widely used across various applications from packing to commercial products. Once discarded, they were subjected to environmental stresses, causing them to degrade into microplastics (MPs). These small, invisible pollutants pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems, gradually compromising the resilience and vitality of the natural environment. Moreover, MPs will act as carriers for other contaminants, for example, heavy metals (HMs). Although many studies have explored MPs and HMs independently, their combined behavior and interactions remain poorly understood. Understanding these interactions is increasingly important given rising pollution levels. MP formation and adsorption behavior are heavily influenced by factors such as UV aging, which remains unclear. In this study, both virgin and UV-aged MPs specifically PET and PP (the most widely used plastics globally) were examined in their interactions with copper (Cu2+) solutions. Surface analysis techniques such as FTIR, SEM, XRD, and AAS were employed to compare the virgin and UV-aged MPs. The results revealed that UV-aged MPs exhibited high adsorption capacities for HMs compared to virgin MPs, which can be attributed to increased pore volume and oxidative degradation. Adsorption capacity differences at various concentrations showed up to a 20% increase, with UV-aged PET MPs displaying capacities ranging from 0.6 to 3.54 mg/g. Similarly, UV-aged PP MPs showed a 15% increase in adsorption capacity ranging from 1.51 to 4.25 mg/g. The present study provided the significant evidence on the behavior of MPs adsorption and underscores the need for further research on the long-term environmental impacts of aged MPs and their interactions with pollutants.