Open Access
Biological Trace Element Research, volume 202, issue 12
Hazardous or Advantageous: Uncovering the Roles of Heavy Metals and Humic Substances in Shilajit (Phyto-mineral) with Emphasis on Heavy Metals Toxicity and Their Detoxification Mechanisms
Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 2024-02-23
Journal:
Biological Trace Element Research
scimago Q1
wos Q2
SJR: 0.810
CiteScore: 9.2
Impact factor: 3.6
ISSN: 01634984, 15590720
PubMed ID:
38393486
Biochemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
General Medicine
Clinical Biochemistry
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Biochemistry (medical)
Abstract
Shilajit is a phyto-mineral diffusion and semi-solid matter used as traditional medicine with extraordinary health benefits. This study provides a comprehensive data on Shilajit with emphasis on heavy metal profile, associated toxicities, and metal detoxification mechanisms by humic substances present in Shilajit. Data was searched across papers and traditional books using Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, SciELO, Web of Science, and Scopus as key scientific databases. Findings showed that Shilajit is distributed in almost 20 regions of the world with uses against 20 health problems as traditional medicine. With various humic substances, almost 11 biological activities were reported in Shilajit. This phyto-mineral diffusion possesses around 65 heavy metals including the toxic heavy metals like Cu, Al, Pb, As, Cd, and Hg. However, humic substances in Shilajit actively detoxify around 12 heavy metals. The recommended levels of heavy metals by WHO and FDA in herbal drugs is 0.20 and 0.30 ppm for Cd, 1 ppm for Hg, 10.00 ppm for As and Pb, 20 ppm for Cu, and 50 ppm for Zn. The levels of reported metals in Shilajit were found to be lower than the permissible limits set by WHO and FDA, except in few studies where exceeded levels were reported. Shilajit consumption without knowing permissible levels of metals is not safe and could pose serious health problems. Although the humic substances and few metals in Shilajit are beneficial in terms of chelating toxic heavy metals, the data on metal detoxification still needs to be clarified.
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Hussain A. et al. Hazardous or Advantageous: Uncovering the Roles of Heavy Metals and Humic Substances in Shilajit (Phyto-mineral) with Emphasis on Heavy Metals Toxicity and Their Detoxification Mechanisms // Biological Trace Element Research. 2024. Vol. 202. No. 12.
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Hussain A., Saeed A. Hazardous or Advantageous: Uncovering the Roles of Heavy Metals and Humic Substances in Shilajit (Phyto-mineral) with Emphasis on Heavy Metals Toxicity and Their Detoxification Mechanisms // Biological Trace Element Research. 2024. Vol. 202. No. 12.
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TY - JOUR
DO - 10.1007/s12011-024-04109-4
UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04109-4
TI - Hazardous or Advantageous: Uncovering the Roles of Heavy Metals and Humic Substances in Shilajit (Phyto-mineral) with Emphasis on Heavy Metals Toxicity and Their Detoxification Mechanisms
T2 - Biological Trace Element Research
AU - Hussain, Adil
AU - Saeed, Asma
PY - 2024
DA - 2024/02/23
PB - Springer Nature
IS - 12
VL - 202
PMID - 38393486
SN - 0163-4984
SN - 1559-0720
ER -
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@article{2024_Hussain,
author = {Adil Hussain and Asma Saeed},
title = {Hazardous or Advantageous: Uncovering the Roles of Heavy Metals and Humic Substances in Shilajit (Phyto-mineral) with Emphasis on Heavy Metals Toxicity and Their Detoxification Mechanisms},
journal = {Biological Trace Element Research},
year = {2024},
volume = {202},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
month = {feb},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04109-4},
number = {12},
doi = {10.1007/s12011-024-04109-4}
}