Development of a Computational Framework for Determination of Detrimental Vibrations on the Human Spine Segments

Vibrations can have a range of pathological effects on the human spine, such as lower-back pain. Such effects are commonly observed in tractor drivers, earthmoving machinery (Excavators, Backhoes and Bulldozers etc.) and buses, as well as in the general public who drive for prolonged time. To date, majorly experimental studies have been conducted to understand the negative vibrational effects on the spine, especially in the lumber section. However, there is insufficient knowledge about vibrational characteristics that may severely effect to the various spinal segments. In this work, a novel finite element model was created to study the vibrational effects on the spine's lumbar, thoracic, and cervical sections. Each spinal section was considered with various vertebrae and discs, sand both homogenous and composite-based material models were tested. The system equations were employed to solve the eigenvalue problem and quantify the natural frequencies for different spinal sections with both material models. The developed FE model was validated by comparing the results for the lumber section with the literature. The natural frequencies were estimated for the different spinal sections for the first time, which, if matched by any external vibration, may cause resonance and harm the spine, including lower back pain and fracture. The findings would be valuable for the global spine community and manufacturers of automobiles, railways, airplanes, and spacecraft.