Dunhuang and Lifelong Learning in the Global Context

A close look at the Dunhuang Grottoes—the Buddhist scriptures, books, frescoes, and artifacts—reveals that lifelong learning is almost everywhere. Lifelong learning, which has been a constant theme in adult education, is, in fact, a concept that is not associated with any specific age group (Mocker and Spear, Lifelong Learning: Formal, Nonformal, Informal, and Self-Directed (Information Series, No. 241). Columbus: National Center Publications, 1982). The heritage from Dunhuang shows that lifelong learning is for everyone without exception, for those from the most eminent families, such as the emperor of a country, government officials, and professionals, and for the people who live in poverty and difficulty, such as uneducated people, the homeless, and even thieves. This chapter looks at lifelong learning through the lens of Dunhuang, seeks its relevance for contemporary education and its practical applications toward human life in the global context in order to create a more democratic and equitable society.