Scour

The phenomenon of lowering the riverbed level due to removal of sediment is known as the scour. In general, scour is classified as general scour[aut]Scourgeneral scour, contraction scour[aut]Scourcontraction scour, and local scour[aut]Scourlocal scour. This chapter provides a comprehensive discussion on scour within channel contractions[aut]Scour typeschannel contractions, downstream of structures[aut]Scour typesdownstream of structures, below horizontal pipelines[aut]Scour typeshorizontal pipelines, and at bridge piers and abutments. Further, scour countermeasures are of paramount importance to river engineers. This issue is also discussed. Numerical examples on prediction of scour depths are worked out.