Biotechnological-Based Production of Bio-Oil and Vegetable Oil

Bio-oil or bio-petrol complex composition contains lignocellulosic biomass chemical products. This is the direct result of the biomass thermal decomposition; its structure is very similar to the fossil-based petrol. On the other hand, vegetable oil possesses characteristics comparable to conventional diesel ones. Vegetable oils in diesel engines lead to significant reductions in sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, smog, and noise emissions. For bio-oil and vegetable oil production microalgae-controlled cultures known as potential raw materials are used for biofuel production due to their lipid high content. By means of a photosynthetic process, microalgae produce sugars for its structure as well as vegetable oils, these last ones are leveraged as biofuels. In this chapter, processes related to the obtaining of bio-oil and vegetable oil, the processes stages, their advantages, disadvantages including their potential and real-life applications (airlines) as biofuels. This chapter also includes the processes under which cooking oil is subjected to provide insights on some efforts made these days to incorporate it into the biofuels market.