The behavioural role of the mammalian skin glands

The common occurrence of skin glands, their specialization and responsiveness to physiological variations leave no doubt as to their behavioural importance in mammals and man. The study of their function is, however, hindered by the highly complex behaviour of mammals and the fact that skin glands are not indispensable. Unlike insects which often respond unconditionally to olfactory stimuli the behavioural responses of mammals are often obscure and detectable only on a physiological level. In higher animals the reaction to the same odour-stimulus may vary from individual to individual depending not only on its physiological state but also on its social status, group membership or previous experience. Although it is true that in the absence of the olfactory sense other senses compensate for its absence, according to psychoanalysts normal (sexual) development depends on an unimpaired sensorium. Perfect sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell-perception and production assure a more efficient relationship between an individual and its physical and social environment.