The effect of building storage tanks on diurnal flow variation in water distribution networks

The peak hour factor is commonly used in the analysis and design of water distribution networks as a function of population. However, water storage tanks in buildings significantly influence diurnal flow variations of these networks, yet their impact has been insufficiently quantified. In this study, a model is developed to generate flow patterns based on the proportion of buildings equipped with water storage tanks in water distribution networks. The model incorporates various parameters, including population size and average pressure. The results show that if all consumers have water storage tanks in their buildings, the maximum water demand coefficient can decrease by up to 28%, while minimum night flow increases by up to 400%. The proposed model provides a valuable tool for the design and operation of water distribution networks in areas where building water storage tanks is prevalent.