A review on-analytical tools in proteomics

Proteomics is an analytical technique employed for the identification and quantitative analysis of total protein content in a cell, tissue or organism using various methods and tools. Proteomics succeeds in genomics (study of set of DNA) and transcriptomics (study of set of RNA) of biological systems. A proteome is an array of proteins generated by a particular organism, system, or biological condition. Though, an organism’s genome is more or less constant, a proteome is more complicated than a genome as cells generate a variety of sets of protein at different times or under different situations, such as cellular development and differentiation, cell cycle or carcinogenesis. Therefore, new approaches for capturing crucial biological information have been developed. Proteomics-based technologies are used for several research purposes including detection of various diagnostic markers, vaccine candidates as well as understanding pathogenicity mechanisms, changes in expression patterns in response to various signals, and interpretation of functional protein pathways in various diseases. Analytical methods like two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and various hyphenated techniques have been developed. This review highlights various analytical tools used in qualitative and quantitative analysis of proteomics and novel approaches for the use of proteomics in disease diagnostics, as well as their other applications. This review shall help academicians and researchers as a reference guide to update their knowledge on analytical tools for proteomics as well as the application of proteomics.