The impacts of the transmission line length in an interconnected micro-grid on its performance and protection at different fault levels

Power systems, in recent years, have been experiencing a dynamic rise in the amount of power obtained from distributed renewable energy sources leading to the concept of microgrids to address the distributed power grid integration issues. Microgrids, a promising means of facilitating the green transformation of power systems, allow the union operation of distributed energy resources (DER) such as combined heat and power (CHP), renewables like photovoltaic (PV), wind and fuel cells (FC), energy storage systems, diesel generators, and controllable loads, either individually or in combination. The protection of DERs within microgrids can be considered as one of the main challenges associated with such phenomenon. Short and Long power transmission lines, in case of a fault, both have particular impacts on system parameters and may result into subsequent events threatening the microgrid and renewable generation units. On the other hand, The high penetration of microgrids not only can change the power flow within the power network, but it can also affect the fault current levels and may lead to their islanding in case of a fault. Before investing in microgrids, especially those in far places, this paper develops a tool to be used in investigating the influence of the interconnecting transmission line length as well as the type/severity of fault on the microgrid performance. The toolbox was developed using MATLAB/Simulink Toolbox. The developed tool was then validated on a case study microgrid and results show that the length of the interconnecting transmission line and the fault severity directly impact the microgrid performance (i.e. voltage and power deviations). In that case, interconnection or islanded mode is contingent upon the decision of the utility operator which also depends on the sensitivity of the equipment used in the microgrid.