Genomic data measures and methods: a primer for social scientists

Recent advances in the field of genetics have produced a multitude of genomic data, which researchers are integrating increasingly into social science research. In this chapter, we discuss types of genomic data arising from the technological advances in the field of genetics including genome-wide variant data, DNA methylation, and telomere length. We outline several statistical genetics methodologies used to assess relationships between genomics and specific outcome such as genome-wide association studies, gene-region based tests, epigenetic aging clocks, and pathway enrichment tests. We highlight important social, epidemiological, and statistical considerations for incorporating genomics in the field of aging. Finally, we discuss what is on the horizon for aging, social science, and genomics.