volume 10 issue 9 pages 888-899

Baricitinib versus dexamethasone for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 (ACTT-4): a randomised, double-blind, double placebo-controlled trial

Cameron R. Wolfe
Kay M. Tomashek
Thomas F Patterson
Carlos A. Gomez
Vincent C. Marconi
Mamta K. Jain
Otto O Yang
Catharine I Paules
Guillermo M Ruiz Palacios
Robert Grossberg
Michelle S. Harkins
Richard A. Mularski
Nathaniel Erdmann
Uriel Sandkovsky
Eyad Almasri
Justino Regalado Pineda
Alexandra W. Dretler
Diego Lopez de Castilla
Angela R. Branche
Pauline K. Park
Aneesh K. Mehta
William R. Short
Susan L.F. McLellan
SUSAN KLINE
Nicole M. Iovine
Hana M. El Sahly
Sarah B. Doernberg
Myoung-don Oh
Nikhil Huprikar
Elizabeth Hohmann
Colleen F. Kelley
Mark Holodniy
Eu Suk Kim
Daniel A. Sweeney
Robert W. Finberg
Kevin A. Grimes
Ryan C. Maves
Emily R. Ko
John J. Engemann
Barbara S. Taylor
Philip O. Ponce
LuAnn Larson
Dante Paolo Melendez
Allan M Seibert
Nadine G. Rouphael
Joslyn Strebe
Jesse L. Clark
Kathleen G. Julian
Alfredo Ponce De Leon
Anabela Cardoso
Stephanie de Bono
Robert L. Atmar
Anuradha Ganesan
Jennifer L Ferreira
Michelle Green
Mat Makowski
Tyler Bonnett
Tatiana Beresnev
Varduhi Ghazaryan
Walla Dempsey
Seema U. Nayak
Lori E. Dodd
John H Beigel
Andre C. Kalil
Lana Wahid
Emmanuel B. Walter
Akhila G. Belur
Grace Dreyer
JAN E. PATTERSON
Jason E Bowling
Danielle O Dixon
Angela Hewlett
Robert Odrobina
Jakrapun Pupaibool
Satish Mocherla
Suzana Lazarte
Meilani Cayabyab
Rezhan H Hussein
Reshma R. Golamari
Kaleigh L Krill
Sandra Rajme
PAUL F. RISKA
Barry S. Zingman
Gregory Mertz
Nestor Sosa
Paul A. Goepfert
Mezgebe Berhe
Emma Dishner
MOHAMED FAYED
Kinsley Hubel
José Arturo Martinez-Orozco
Nora Bautista Felix
Sammy T Elmor
Amer Ryan Bechnak
Youssef Saklawi
Jason W Van Winkle
Diego F Zea
Maryrose Laguio-Vila
Edward E. Walsh
Ann R. Falsey
Karen Carvajal
Robert C. Hyzy
Sinan Hanna
Norman Olbrich
Jessica J Traenkner
Colleen S. Kraft
Pablo Tebas
Jillian T Baron
Corri Levine
Joy Nock
Joanne Billings
Hyun Kim
Marie-Carmelle Elie-Turenne
Jennifer A Whitaker
Anne F. Luetkemeyer
Jay Dwyer
Emma Bainbridge
Pyoeng Gyun Choe
Chang Kyung Kang
Nikolaus Jilg
Valeria D. Cantos
Divya R. Bhamidipati
Srinivasa Nithin Gopalsamy
Aarthi Chary
Jongtak Jung
Kyoung-Ho Song
Hong Bin Kim
Constance A. Benson
Kimberly McConnell
Jennifer P. Wang
Mireya Wessolossky
Katherine Perez
Taryn A Eubank
Catherine Berjohn
Gregory C Utz
Patrick E H Jackson
Taison D. Bell
Heather M Haughey
Abeer Moanna
Sushma Cribbs
Telisha Harrison
Christopher J. Colombo
Christina Schofield
Rhonda E. Colombo
Victor F. Tapson
Jonathan Grein
Fayyaz Sutterwala
Dilek Ince
Patricia L Winokur
Monica Fung
Hannah Jang
David Wyles
Maria G. Frank
Ellen Sarcone
Henry Neumann
Anand Viswanathan
Sarah Hochman
Mark Mulligan
Benjamin Eckhardt
Ellie Carmody
Neera Ahuja
Kari Nadeau
David Svec
Jeffrey C Macaraeg
Lee Morrow
Dave Quimby
Mary Bessesen
Lindsay Nicholson
Jill Adams
Princy Kumar
Allison A. Lambert
Henry Arguinchona
Radica Z. Alicic
Sho Saito
Norio Ohmagari
Ayako Mikami
David Chien Lye
Tau Hong Lee
Po Ying Chia
Lanny Hsieh
Alpesh N Amin
Miki Watanabe
Keith A. Candiotti
Jose G. Castro
Maria A Antor
Tida Lee
Tahaniyat Lalani
Richard M. Novak
Andrea Wendrow
Scott A. Borgetti
Sarah L. George
Daniel F. Hoft
James D Brien
Stuart H. Cohen
George R. Thompson
Melony Chakrabarty
Faheem Guirgis
Richard T. Davey
Jocelyn Voell
Jeffrey R. Strich
David A. Lindholm
Katrin Mende
Trevor R. Wellington
Rekha R. Rapaka
Jennifer S. Husson
Andrea R. Levine
Seow Yen Tan
Humaira Shafi
Jaime M F Chien
David C Hostler
Jordanna M. Hostler
Brian T Shahan
David H. Adams
Anu Osinusi
Huyen Cao
Timothy H. Burgess
Julia Rozman
Kevin K. Chung
Christina Nieuwoudt
Jill A. El-Khorazaty
Heather Hill
Stephanie Pettibone
Nikki Gettinger
Theresa Engel
Teri Lewis
Jing Wang
Gregory A. Deye
Effie Nomicos
Rhonda Pikaart-Tautges
Mohamed Elsafy
Robert Jurao
Hyung Koo
Michael Proschan
Tammy Yokum
Janice Arega
Ruth Florese
Publication typeJournal Article
Publication date2022-09-01
scimago Q1
wos Q1
SJR6.788
CiteScore53.2
Impact factor32.8
ISSN22132600, 22132619
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Abstract

Summary

Background

Baricitinib and dexamethasone have randomised trials supporting their use for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. We assessed the combination of baricitinib plus remdesivir versus dexamethasone plus remdesivir in preventing progression to mechanical ventilation or death in hospitalised patients with COVID-19.

Methods

In this randomised, double-blind, double placebo-controlled trial, patients were enrolled at 67 trial sites in the USA (60 sites), South Korea (two sites), Mexico (two sites), Singapore (two sites), and Japan (one site). Hospitalised adults (≥18 years) with COVID-19 who required supplemental oxygen administered by low-flow (≤15 L/min), high-flow (>15 L/min), or non-invasive mechanical ventilation modalities who met the study eligibility criteria (male or non-pregnant female adults ≥18 years old with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection) were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either baricitinib, remdesivir, and placebo, or dexamethasone, remdesivir, and placebo using a permuted block design. Randomisation was stratified by study site and baseline ordinal score at enrolment. All patients received remdesivir (≤10 days) and either baricitinib (or matching oral placebo) for a maximum of 14 days or dexamethasone (or matching intravenous placebo) for a maximum of 10 days. The primary outcome was the difference in mechanical ventilation-free survival by day 29 between the two treatment groups in the modified intention-to-treat population. Safety analyses were done in the as-treated population, comprising all participants who received one dose of the study drug. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04640168.

Findings

Between Dec 1, 2020, and April 13, 2021, 1047 patients were assessed for eligibility. 1010 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned, 516 (51%) to baricitinib plus remdesivir plus placebo and 494 (49%) to dexamethasone plus remdesivir plus placebo. The mean age of the patients was 58·3 years (SD 14·0) and 590 (58%) of 1010 patients were male. 588 (58%) of 1010 patients were White, 188 (19%) were Black, 70 (7%) were Asian, and 18 (2%) were American Indian or Alaska Native. 347 (34%) of 1010 patients were Hispanic or Latino. Mechanical ventilation-free survival by day 29 was similar between the study groups (Kaplan-Meier estimates of 87·0% [95% CI 83·7 to 89·6] in the baricitinib plus remdesivir plus placebo group and 87·6% [84·2 to 90·3] in the dexamethasone plus remdesivir plus placebo group; risk difference 0·6 [95% CI −3·6 to 4·8]; p=0·91). The odds ratio for improved status in the dexamethasone plus remdesivir plus placebo group compared with the baricitinib plus remdesivir plus placebo group was 1·01 (95% CI 0·80 to 1·27). At least one adverse event occurred in 149 (30%) of 503 patients in the baricitinib plus remdesivir plus placebo group and 179 (37%) of 482 patients in the dexamethasone plus remdesivir plus placebo group (risk difference 7·5% [1·6 to 13·3]; p=0·014). 21 (4%) of 503 patients in the baricitinib plus remdesivir plus placebo group had at least one treatment-related adverse event versus 49 (10%) of 482 patients in the dexamethasone plus remdesivir plus placebo group (risk difference 6·0% [2·8 to 9·3]; p=0·00041). Severe or life-threatening grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 143 (28%) of 503 patients in the baricitinib plus remdesivir plus placebo group and 174 (36%) of 482 patients in the dexamethasone plus remdesivir plus placebo group (risk difference 7·7% [1·8 to 13·4]; p=0·012).

Interpretation

In hospitalised patients with COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen by low-flow, high-flow, or non-invasive ventilation, baricitinib plus remdesivir and dexamethasone plus remdesivir resulted in similar mechanical ventilation-free survival by day 29, but dexamethasone was associated with significantly more adverse events, treatment-related adverse events, and severe or life-threatening adverse events. A more individually tailored choice of immunomodulation now appears possible, where side-effect profile, ease of administration, cost, and patient comorbidities can all be considered.

Funding

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
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Wolfe C. R. et al. Baricitinib versus dexamethasone for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 (ACTT-4): a randomised, double-blind, double placebo-controlled trial // The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2022. Vol. 10. No. 9. pp. 888-899.
GOST all authors (up to 50) Copy
Wolfe C. R. et al. Baricitinib versus dexamethasone for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 (ACTT-4): a randomised, double-blind, double placebo-controlled trial // The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2022. Vol. 10. No. 9. pp. 888-899.
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BibTex (up to 50 authors) Copy
@article{2022_Wolfe,
author = {Cameron R. Wolfe and Kay M. Tomashek and Thomas F Patterson and Carlos A. Gomez and Vincent C. Marconi and Mamta K. Jain and Otto O Yang and Catharine I Paules and Guillermo M Ruiz Palacios and Robert Grossberg and Michelle S. Harkins and Richard A. Mularski and Nathaniel Erdmann and Uriel Sandkovsky and Eyad Almasri and Justino Regalado Pineda and Alexandra W. Dretler and Diego Lopez de Castilla and Angela R. Branche and Pauline K. Park and Aneesh K. Mehta and William R. Short and Susan L.F. McLellan and SUSAN KLINE and Nicole M. Iovine and Hana M. El Sahly and Sarah B. Doernberg and Myoung-don Oh and Nikhil Huprikar and Elizabeth Hohmann and Colleen F. Kelley and Mark Holodniy and Eu Suk Kim and Daniel A. Sweeney and Robert W. Finberg and Kevin A. Grimes and Ryan C. Maves and Emily R. Ko and John J. Engemann and Barbara S. Taylor and Philip O. Ponce and LuAnn Larson and Dante Paolo Melendez and Allan M Seibert and Nadine G. Rouphael and Joslyn Strebe and Jesse L. Clark and Kathleen G. Julian and Alfredo Ponce De Leon and Anabela Cardoso and others},
title = {Baricitinib versus dexamethasone for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 (ACTT-4): a randomised, double-blind, double placebo-controlled trial},
journal = {The Lancet Respiratory Medicine},
year = {2022},
volume = {10},
publisher = {Elsevier},
month = {sep},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00088-1},
number = {9},
pages = {888--899},
doi = {10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00088-1}
}
MLA
Cite this
MLA Copy
Wolfe, Cameron R., et al. “Baricitinib versus dexamethasone for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 (ACTT-4): a randomised, double-blind, double placebo-controlled trial.” The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, vol. 10, no. 9, Sep. 2022, pp. 888-899. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00088-1.