Synthesis of 4-Amino-4-Deoxy Sugar Components of Antibiotics and Bacterial Glycans

The synthesis of 4-amino-4-deoxy carbohydrates that occur in antibiotics and in bacterial glycans is described. The focus of the coverage is on literature published since 2000; however, earlier work is included in some cases for the purposes of historical context and to highlight methods development in this active area of research. Syntheses based on both carbohydrate and noncarbohydrate starting materials serve to illustrate the variety of methods for the introduction of nitrogen functionality on the pyranose scaffold, as well as methods for chain extension using asymmetric and catalytic methods.