Bilosomes: a novel platform for drug delivery

Due to low solubility or breakdown in the gastrointestinal tract, most of drugs, biological therapies (proteins and peptides), and vaccines perform poorly after orally administration. Many approaches have been used to overcome these inadequacies associated with traditional delivery systems. Among the novel drug delivery system, vesicular carriers, such as liposomes or niosomes, could safeguard the encapsulated materials from degradation to some extent. Bilosomes are a distinct type of drug delivery system that provides protections to drugs from being broken down in the stomach, allowing for oral drug delivery as an alternative to injectable therapy. Bilosomes contributed to a higher biocompatibility and enhance the therapeutic activity of drugs because of their stability in the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability of entrapped drugs is enhanced due to rapid absorption through intestinal mucosal to the portal circulation. It increases the hydrophilicity of water-insoluble medicines, increasing their bioavailability. Here, we focus briefly on new-generation bilosomes drug delivery systems including their introduction, classification, composition, methods of preparation, characterization, mechanism of drug absorption, factors affecting, surface engineering, features, deficiencies, applications, storage stability, and future perspective.