The Bimolecular and Intramolecular Mannich and Related Reactions

Mannich reactions are reactions of enolizable carbonyl compounds as nucleophiles with imines or iminium ions as electrophiles that afford β-amino carbonyl derivatives. Catalytic enantioselective Mannich reactions, including regioselective and/or diastereoselective versions of the reactions, have been achieved using various types of catalysts including metal-containing catalysts and organocatalysts. Depending on the reactant structures and the catalysts used, the Mannich reactions allow the stereocontrolled synthesis of β-amino carbonyl derivatives and related derivatives such as α,β-diamino acid derivatives, α-hydroxy-β-amino acid derivatives, and amino alcohols. This chapter reviews recent advances in these Mannich reactions.