Viral infections, an overview with a focus on prevention of transmission

Viruses are obligatory intracellular pathogens with a simple structure consisting of assembled proteins that enclose the nucleic acid genome with or without a lipid envelope. Despite the increasing availability of rapid nucleic acid amplification assays for laboratory diagnosis, effective antivirals, and safe vaccines, the control of most viral infections depends on time-honored surveillance and infection control measures. Furthermore, most viruses can be readily destroyed by common disinfectants. This article focuses on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and control of common and emerging viral diseases.