Basic principles of paper-based sensors

Paper-based sensors, extensively researched for their adaptability and efficiency, are pivotal in biomedicine, environmental monitoring, and food safety. This chapter delves into the principles and methodologies of diverse sensing techniques, including colorimetric, fluorometric, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), chemiluminescence, and electrochemiluminescence, specifically developed for use with paper as a substrate. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms, alongside detailed discussions on main detection methods and their applications. Renowned for cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and portability, these sensors excel in enhancing sensitivity and specificity. The text underscores their potential for real-time, on-site analysis, marking a significant advancement in green, efficient analytical technologies. It also highlights their transformative impact on rapid diagnostics and environmental conservation, emphasizing their role in driving the future of sustainable sensing solutions.