Neuromodulation

Neuromodulation, as defined by the International Neuromodulation Society, is the alteration of nerve activity through targeted delivery of a stimulus, such as electrical or magnetic stimulation, to specific neurological sites in the body. The goal of neuromodulation in migraine and other headache disorders is to target and break the cycle of dysregulation in nerve networks. Advancements in neuromodulation in migraine and other headache disorders have brought about both invasive and noninvasive, peripheral and central, acute and preventive, treatment options. These modalities provide treatment options for patients who prefer a nonmedication option for treatment or cannot tolerate medication management due to existing conditions, medication intolerance, pregnancy, or age with the benefit of a low side effect profile and no drug-drug interactions. Continued research in this evolving field is required for higher levels of evidence as well as improved access to make neuromodulation treatment options more clinically available for use.