Diagnosis and treatment

This chapter presents a comprehensive analysis of the diagnostic criteria and treatment principles for COVID-19 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), providing an in-depth examination of these respiratory diseases. It delineates the essential diagnostic criteria for both conditions, underscoring the criticality of accurate and timely identification to guide effective treatment strategies. The chapter encompasses general and supportive treatments, with particular emphasis on the pivotal role played by antiviral therapies in managing these viral infections. Furthermore, it explores the utilization of glucocorticoids and immunomodulators, focusing on their potential benefits and risks in modulating immune responses during severe illness. Advanced respiratory support techniques such as mechanical ventilation and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) are discussed within the context of critical care settings. Additionally, this chapter delves into the integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) into diagnosis and treatment approaches for these conditions, offering valuable insights into alternative therapeutic methods that may complement conventional medical practices.