Doping engineering of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals for advanced optoelectronic applications

All-inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), as a super star in semiconductor luminescent materials, have manifested colossal prospects in the fields of optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications. However, some inherent limitations of CsPbX3 perovskite NCs like poor long-term stability, low photoluminescence quantum yields typically in the violet and blue regions, and abundant halogen vacancy defects, severely restrict their commercial applications. Doping engineering represents an effective strategy for modulating the optoelectronic and photophysical properties of CsPbX3 NCs and enhancing their structural stability, contributing to improving the performance and operational stability of CsPbX3 NCs-based photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. In this review, we summarize the latest advancements in metal ion-doped CsPbX3 NCs, which covers from their controlled synthesis, optical properties design to various optoelectronic applications with a focus on solar cells and light-emitting diodes. Some future development directions and prospects of this vigorous research field are also proposed.