Community pharmacy-based blood pressure screening in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada for World Hypertension Day 2022: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background

High blood pressure (BP) is a leading cause of cardiovascular and stroke related events. Office-based BP measurement has declined in recent years due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have resulted in higher rates of undetected and uncontrolled hypertension. To gain a better idea of adult BP levels in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), we engaged community pharmacists in BP screening for World Hypertension Day.

Methods

Data collection and BP screening occurred on May 17, 2022. Pharmacists and pharmacy students collected three seated BP readings from participants using an automated device. The average of readings 2 and 3 was used to estimate BP, where elevated BP was defined as BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg or ≥ 130/80 mmHg for individuals with diabetes. Participant demographics, access to primary care, medical history, and antihypertensive use were also collected. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and logistic regression techniques.

Results

Four-hundred and sixty participants were included in the analysis. The mean age was 56.3 years (SD 16.95), 63.3% (n = 291) were female, and 43.7% (n = 201) reported having hypertension. Twenty-seven percent (n = 123) had elevated BP. Of those with elevated BP, 41.5% (n = 51) had no history of hypertension. Age, sex, and diabetes were statistically significant predictors of elevated BP in the multivariable model.

Conclusions

A large proportion of participants in our study had elevated BP. Targeted measures are needed to improve the detection, treatment, and control of high BP in NL. Community pharmacists can support BP care.