Influence of water quality on composition and diversity of groundwater fauna in North Africa

This study explored the biodiversity of organisms inhabiting subterranean waters and shed light on a complex diversity, bringing together species from both surface waters and those specifically adapted to subterranean environments of semiarid lands in North Africa. The focus was primarily on groundwater, mainly interstitial groundwater accessible through springs and wells. Each ecosystem was assessed using the most appropriate sampling method. Macroinvertebrate analysis in the watersheds of Garaat Tarf and Annk Djemel (Algeria), situated under a semi-arid climate, revealed significant diversity, encompassing 11 classes, 22 orders, and 36 families. The Annk Djemel watershed, with more extensive diversity (32 families) compared to the Garaat Tarf watershed, indicates that complex environments foster more diversified communities. Crustaceans, including copepods, ostracods, and amphipods, predominate in these subterranean habitats, confirming patterns observed globally. The prevalence of Copepoda, Cyclopoida, and Diaptomidae aligns with global studies. Species distribution shows a prevalence of accidental species, emphasizing their temporary nature. Only a few taxa (Diaptomidae, Cyclopidae, and Chironomidae) were constant. The diverse feeding habits of these macroinvertebrates influenced their position in the trophic network. Environmental factors, such as water quality, habitat structure, and food availability, impact the composition of macroinvertebrate communities. The analysis reveals correlations between physicochemical water characteristics and the composition of assemblages. Pollution-resistant taxa show positive correlations with nitrates and orthophosphates. Innovative study methods and international collaboration are essential for a better understanding and preservation of these overlooked environments. Public awareness is crucial for the preservation and sustainable management of subterranean ecosystems on a global scale.