Comprehensive review of multi-scale Lithium-ion batteries modeling: From electro-chemical dynamics up to heat transfer in battery thermal management system

The growing development of lithium-ion battery technology goes along with the new energy storage era across various sectors, e.g., mobility (electric vehicles), power generation and dispatching. The need for sophisticated modeling approaches has become a crucial tool to predict and optimize battery behavior given the demand of ever-higher performance, longevity, and safety. This review integrates the state-of-the-art in lithium-ion battery modeling, covering various scales, from particle-level simulations to pack-level thermal management systems, involving particle scale simplifications, microscale electrochemical models, and battery scale electrical models with thermal and heat generation prediction. Beyond that, authors highlight the growing trend in integrating highly accurate physics-based with thermal approaches such as the electrochemical-thermal coupled model to fully answer the multiscale challenges. Through capturing the electrochemical phenomena and thermal dynamics, and developing a comprehensive understanding of battery kinetics, safety risks such as thermal runaway can be thoroughly mitigated. Authors emphasize the trade-offs between computational efficiency and model complexity, explaining the limitations, strengths, and applications of diverse modeling approaches. This review illuminates the integration of battery management systems and cooling strategies.