Multi-Objective Optimization of an Off-Grid CAES-Based Cogeneration Plant for Quad-Generation

This study presents a pioneering solar-wind system integrated with a compressed air energy storage (CAES) cycle, designed to provide heating, cooling, power, and fresh water in an off-grid setting. The system's performance is optimized through a multi-objective analysis, considering energy efficiency, total income, and water production. Hourly ambient temperature variations are accounted for to determine the system's annual performance. Considering the changes in the stored compressed air over time, the maximum capacity of the cycle to produce a steady hourly cooling load is obtained at several pressure ratios. Results show that optimal pressure ratios maximize specific objectives: 11.75 for cooling load, 5.75 for electrical power output, and 9 for energy efficiency. A comprehensive optimal pressure ratio is achieved using the TOPSIS multi-objective optimization method, considering weighted parameters. This innovative system offers a sustainable solution for remote or grid-constrained areas, demonstrating the potential for efficient, multi-generation energy systems.