A Two-dimensional Numerical Characterization on the Droplet Dynamics in the Electric Field by VOSET Method

A coupled volume-of-fluid and level set (VOSET) model is extended to the simulation of electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) flow. The good accuracy of proposed model is validated by comparing with previous results. Although the electrostrictive force might be greater than the Coulomb and dielectric forces under certain conditions, it has no influence on droplet dynamic behaviors except the pressure distribution. The electro-coalescence of droplet pair is systematically investigated. In addition to the coalescence and repulsion, two droplets might neither coalesce nor repulse with the repulsive hydrodynamic force and attractive electric force strike a balance. The electro-coalescence of two droplets always happens as long as the electric conductivity ratio is smaller than the permittivity ratio. The critical permittivity ratio separating the coalescence and repulsion of droplets increases as the increase of electric conductivity ratio. The electro-coalescence time of two droplets decreases as the permittivity ratio and electric capillary number increase. Nevertheless, the electro-coalescence time shows different variation tendency as the increase of electric conductivity ratio with different permittivity ratios and electric capillary numbers.