Utilizing UHPLC-HRMS-metabolomic profiling to uncover enhanced bioactive potential and health benefits in chili (Capsicum annum L.) under salinity stress

The modern emphasis on food quality, nutritional value, and health benefits has increased demand for nutrient-rich foods. Incorporating functional foods with enhanced nutritional profiles into diets is becoming a key strategy in addressing chronic and acute diseases. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted on the ‘Kashi Ratna’ cultivar of Capsicum annuum L. under salinity levels of 50 and 100 mM as compared to control (0 mM). UHPLC-HRMS untargeted quantitative metabolomic profiling revealed a significant increase in bioactive compounds such as amino acids, vitamins, fatty acids, alkaloids, capsaicinoids, terpenoids and phenolics under salinity stress. While 50 mM led to higher accumulation of metabolites, but the overall impact of 100 mM salinity was higher, affecting more metabolites. Our findings highlight the potential for utilizing salinity-affected lands as a sustainable and cost-effective solution for enhancing nutritional quality of foods particularly in the context of Global Climate Change.