A guideline-based perspective on neurostimulation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: An international overview

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe psychiatric illness associated with substantial psychosocial burden. Although evidence-based first- and second-line treatments are often effective, a significant proportion of patients continue to experience treatment-resistant symptoms. In such cases, brain neurostimulation is gaining increasing attention. This study aims to provide a structured overview of national and international clinical guidelines for the management of treatment-resistant OCD, with a particular focus on neurostimulation techniques.