The effect of cyclosporine A and co-enzyme Q10 loaded solid lipid nanoparticles on 3D printed human auricular model: Evaluation of cell growth

The aim of this study was to use a 3D printer for developing human auricular models. Alginate, polylactic acid (PLA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were printed by Ultimaker-2 printer with two different methods. Their suitability for NIH-3T3 fibroblast cell growth was evaluated in the presence of Cyclosporine A (CycA) and Co-enzyme Q10 (Q10) SLNs. SLNs were prepared by high shear homogenization and their effect was investigated by MTT assay. CycA-SLNs had a PS of 218.1 ± 4.4 nm and Q10-SLNs were 142.4 ± 7.9 nm with PDI below 0.3. ZP of CycA-SLN was −23.6 ± 0.65 mV while the value for Q10-SLN was −13.7 ± 1.3 mV. The encapsulation efficiencies were 95.3 ± 0.5% for CycA-SLNs and 90.2 ± 3.8 for Q10-SLNs. Although the viability of cells was higher for alginate hydrogels indicating proliferation, due to mechanical instability, nanoparticles could be incorporated only to PLA model. The lowest viability was observed with CycA-SLN as 76.5%. Q10-SLNs increased the proliferation significantly (164%). CycA-SLNs on PLA models showed a viability of 82.55%. When Q10-SLNs were added in this combination the viability was enhanced to 114%. As a result of this study, it was concluded that Q10-SLNs increases the proliferation of cells on stable PLA auricular model and protects from toxicity.