Navigating COVID-19: advancements in therapeutics and viral filtration technologies for Today's challenges and tomorrow's solutions

The COVID-19 pandemic has driven global efforts to develop effective therapeutics and virus filtration technologies to combat SARS-CoV-2 and mitigate its impact on public health. This review focuses on key advancements and emerging trends in these areas, aiming to provide a clear and cohesive narrative that captures the essence of ongoing progress. We begin by establishing a foundational understanding of SARS-CoV-2, exploring its protein structure, pathophysiology, and virology. This knowledge sets the stage for discussing targeted intervention strategies. In the realm of virus filtration technologies, we highlight significant advancements, such as electrostatic-charged nanofiber filters, cytosorb filters, and hypertonic salt solutions. These technologies have demonstrated the potential to mitigate virus transmission and enhance protective measures. Turning to therapeutics, we emphasize innovative approaches that have emerged in response to the pandemic. Key advancements include bioengineering-inspired neutralizing antibodies, immuno-nanomedicines, and the development of anti-COVID drugs, such as spike and protease inhibitors. Artificial intelligence-based peptides and 3-D printing-inspired materials represent additional breakthroughs shaping the future of antiviral therapies. Furthermore, we explore promising emerging trends that complement these efforts. These include cold spray technologies, herbal immune boosters, nanoparticle-based approaches, and antiviral coatings. Such innovations offer exciting prospects for enhancing our preparedness against viral threats. In conclusion, this review underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach that integrates advancements in therapeutics and virus filtration technologies. We aim to strengthen global resilience against COVID-19 and future pandemics by focusing on these primary themes, safeguarding public health and well-being.