Application of modified PVC membranes with GO-ZnO nanoparticles in MBR: Sludge characteristics, fouling control and removal performance

Membrane fouling is still one crucial impediment in the application of membrane bioreactors (MBR). Antifouling properties of GO and GO-ZnO embedded PVC membranes in MBR were investigated. ZnO nanoparticles were decorated onto GO nanosheets and then membranes were made by NIPS method. The results revealed that the contact angle decreased from 80° for pure PVC to 67° for 0.1 wt% GO-ZnO embedded membrane. Pure water flux increased from 33 L/m2h for neat membrane to 128 L/m2h for 0.075 wt% PVC/GO-ZnO membrane. The performance of membranes was evaluated during 35 days MBR filtration system using several analyses including COD, turbidity, SMP, EPS, PSD, and EEM. Results indicated that the presence of GO-ZnO nanoparticles in the membranes has a positive effect on COD and turbidity removal due to the oxygen-containing groups attracting SMP through intermolecular force interaction. In addition, the inclusion of nanoparticles in the membranes leads to a reduction in EPS concentration. Research on PVC membranes with graphene oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in membrane bioreactor processes is crucial for advancing water treatment technology. These nanomaterials promise enhanced membrane performance, longevity, and efficiency in treating wastewater, leading to more sustainable and effective water treatment solutions.