Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental

, volume 160 , pages 155999

Global burden of metabolic diseases, 1990–2021

Huai Zhang ¹

Xiao Dong Zhou ²

Michael Shapiro ³

Gregory Y. H. Lip ⁴

Herbert Tilg ⁵

Luca Valenti ⁶

Virend K. Somers ⁷

Christopher D. Byrne ⁸

Giovanni Targher ⁹

Wah Yang ¹⁰

Octavio Viveiros ¹¹

Christopher K Opio ¹²

Christos S Mantzoros ¹³

John Ryan ¹⁴

Kenneth Y. Y. Kok ¹⁵

Nozim Adxamovich Jumaev ¹⁶

N Perera ¹⁷

Andrew Gerard Robertson ¹⁸

Adam Abu-Abeid ¹⁹

Anoop Misra ²⁰

Yu Jun Wong ²¹

Elena Ruiz-Úcar ²²

Oral B. Ospanov ²³

Mehmet Celal Kızılkaya ²⁴

Fei Luo ²⁵

Nahum Méndez-Sánchez ²⁶

Mauricio Zuluaga ²⁷

Amedeo Lonardo ²⁸

Hazem Al Momani ²⁹

Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo ³⁰

Leon A Adams ³¹

Said A. Al-Busafi ³²

Ala I Sharara ³³

Wah-Kheong Chan ³⁴

Syed Imran Abbas ³⁵

Silvia Sookoian ³⁶

Sombat Treeprasertsuk ³⁷

Ponsiano Ocama ³⁸

Khalid Alswat ³⁹

A. P.S. Kong ⁴⁰

Karim Ataya ⁴¹

Michelle Ching Lim-Loo ⁴²

Rodolfo J. Oviedo ⁴³

Olivia Szepietowski ⁴⁴

Yasser Fouad ⁴⁵

Hanan Fouad ⁴⁵

Huijie Zhang ⁴⁶

Tamer N. Abdelbaki ⁴⁷

C.S. Katsouras ⁴⁸

Arun Prasad ⁴⁹

Omar Thaher ⁵⁰

Arshad Ali ⁵¹

Gabriel A Molina ⁵²

Ki-Chul Sung ⁵³

Qin‐Fen Chen ⁵⁴

Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana ⁵⁵

Ming-Hua Zheng ⁵⁶

Hide authors affiliations Show authors affiliations: 56 affiliations

Department of Medical Record, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. |

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. |

Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. |

⁴

Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark. |

⁵

Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. |

⁶

Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Precision Medicine, Biological Resource Center Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico

University of Milan

⁷

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, USA. |

⁸

Southampton National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK. |

⁹

Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy.

Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico

University of Verona

Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria

¹⁰

Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. |

¹¹

Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Hospital Lusiadas Amadora, Amadora, Lisbon, Portugal. |

¹²

Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya. |

¹³

Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Harvard University

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

¹⁴

Department of Hepatology, RCSI School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Dublin/Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. |

¹⁵

Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei-Muara, Brunei. |

¹⁶

Department Surgical Diseases, Tashkent Medical Academy, Almazar, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. |

¹⁷

Department of Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka. |

¹⁸

Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. |

¹⁹

Division of Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Tel Aviv University

Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center

²⁰

Fortis-CDOC Center of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and Endocrinology, National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation and Diabetes Foundation, New Delhi, India. |

²¹

Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.

Duke-NUS Medical School

Changi General Hospital

²²

Department of Metabolic, Bariatric and Endocrine Surgery, Fuenlabrada University Hospital, Madrid, Spain. |

²³

Surgical Disease and Bariatric Surgery, Astana Medical University, Astana, Aqmola, Kazakhstan. |

²⁴

Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Acibadem Atakent University Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye. |

²⁵

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. |

²⁶

Liver Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico. |

²⁷

Department of Surgery, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. |

²⁸

Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara (-2023), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy. |

²⁹

Weight Management Unit, Royal NMC Hospital, Khalifa City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. |

³⁰

Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru; OBEMET Center for Obesity and Metabolic Health, Lima, Peru; Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia.

Edith Cowan University

Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola

³¹

Department of Hepatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.

University of Western Australia

Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital

³²

Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman. |

³³

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. |

³⁴

Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. |

³⁵

Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Iranian Hospital Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. |

³⁶

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Faculty of Health Science, Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, Translational Health Research Center (CENITRES), Maimónides University, Buenos Aires, Argentina. |

³⁷

Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. |

³⁸

Department of Medicine, Makerere University of College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda. |

³⁹

Liver Disease Research Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. |

⁴⁰

Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. |

⁴¹

Department of Bariatric Surgery, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. |

⁴²

Department of Surgery, Chinese General Hospital and Medical Center, Manila, Philippines. |

⁴³

Nacogdoches Center for Metabolic & Weight Loss Surgery, Nacogdoches Medical Center, Nacogdoches, TX, USA. |

⁴⁴

Department of Surgery, Ashford and St Peter's Hospital, Chertsey, Surrey, United Kingdom. |

⁴⁵

Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endemic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt. |

⁴⁶

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. |

⁴⁷

Department of General Surgery, Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt. |

⁴⁸

First Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Ioannina and Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece. |

⁴⁹

Surgical Gastroenterology, Bariatric and Robotic Surgery, Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India. |

⁵⁰

Department of Surgery, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Herne, NRW, Germany. |

⁵¹

Metabolic and Bariatric, Fatimah Hospital, Tehran, Iran. |

⁵²

Department of Surgery, USFQ (Universidad San Francisco), Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador. |

⁵³

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Samsung

Sungkyunkwan University

⁵⁴

Medical Care Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. |

⁵⁵

Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Medical Faculty Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Digestive Disease & GI Oncology Center, Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Mochtar Riyadi Comprehensive Cancer Center (MRCCC) Siloam Semanggi Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. |

⁵⁶

MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. Electronic address: zhengmh@wmu.edu.cn. |

Publication type: Journal Article

Publication date: 2024-11-01

Elsevier

Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental

scimago Q1

wos Q1

SJR: 3.529

CiteScore: 19.8

Impact factor: 11.9

ISSN: 00260495, 15328600

DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155999

Copy DOI

PubMed ID: 39151887

Abstract

Common metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), have become a global health burden in the last three decades. The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) data enables the first insights into the trends and burdens of these metabolic diseases from 1990 to 2021, highlighting regional, temporal and differences by sex.

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Zhang H. et al. Global burden of metabolic diseases, 1990–2021 // Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental. 2024. Vol. 160. p. 155999.

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Zhang H. et al. Global burden of metabolic diseases, 1990–2021 // Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental. 2024. Vol. 160. p. 155999.

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BibTex (up to 50 authors) Copy

@article{2024_Zhang,

author = {Huai Zhang and Xiao Dong Zhou and Michael Shapiro and Gregory Y. H. Lip and Herbert Tilg and Luca Valenti and Virend K. Somers and Christopher D. Byrne and Giovanni Targher and Wah Yang and Octavio Viveiros and Christopher K Opio and Christos S Mantzoros and John Ryan and Kenneth Y. Y. Kok and Nozim Adxamovich Jumaev and N Perera and Andrew Gerard Robertson and Adam Abu-Abeid and Anoop Misra and Yu Jun Wong and Elena Ruiz-Úcar and Oral B. Ospanov and Mehmet Celal Kızılkaya and Fei Luo and Nahum Méndez-Sánchez and Mauricio Zuluaga and Amedeo Lonardo and Hazem Al Momani and Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo and Leon A Adams and Said A. Al-Busafi and Ala I Sharara and Wah-Kheong Chan and Syed Imran Abbas and Silvia Sookoian and Sombat Treeprasertsuk and Ponsiano Ocama and Khalid Alswat and A. P.S. Kong and Karim Ataya and Michelle Ching Lim-Loo and Rodolfo J. Oviedo and Olivia Szepietowski and Yasser Fouad and Hanan Fouad and Huijie Zhang and Tamer N. Abdelbaki and C.S. Katsouras and Arun Prasad and others},

title = {Global burden of metabolic diseases, 1990–2021},

journal = {Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental},

year = {2024},

volume = {160},

publisher = {Elsevier},

month = {nov},

url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0026049524002269},

pages = {155999},

doi = {10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155999}

}

Publisher

Elsevier

Journal

Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental

scimago Q1

wos Q1

SJR

3.529

CiteScore

19.8

Impact factor

11.9

ISSN

00260495 (Print)

15328600 (Electronic)

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