Emerging frontiers in poly (ionic liquids) and poly (deep eutectic solvents)

Poly(ionic liquid) (or polymerized ionic liquids, PIL) and poly(deep eutectic solvents) (or polymerized deep eutectic solvents, PDESs) represent innovative advancements in green and sustainable materials. PILs and PDESs possess the unique properties of ILs and DESs as well as polymeric materials. The exceptional characteristics of both PILs and PDESs make them ideal for various applications, including electrochemistry, catalysis, drug delivery, water treatment, etc. The development of PDESs due to their essential characteristics including tunable properties, biocompatibility, eco-friendliness, and versatility is rapidly growing. The review aims to cover recent advancements, synergistic effects, synthesis, properties, applications of ILs, DESs, PILs, and PDESs, and their prospective challenges, and future emphasizing their vital roles in shaping sustainable chemistry and material innovation. Despite the varieties of reviews in the field of ILs and DESs, to the best of our knowledge, there is no review on PDESs as an exciting emerging material. We represent the advancement in PDESs and also a comparative study on ILs and DESs, and also PILs and PDESs.