Nickel-based catalysts for non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of glucose: A review

Nickel-based catalysts are currently the subject of intensive study in the search for novel electrode materials for non-enzymatic glucose sensing. Their strong activity towards glucose electrooxidation and intrinsic resistance to chloride poisoning makes these catalysts ideal candidates for the development of affordable and stable glucose sensors. In this review, the mechanism of glucose electrooxidation at Ni electrodes is described, clarifying the effect of the different phases of Ni on their catalytic activity. Moreover, a brief background on chloride poisoning is provided, supplemented by computational studies. Furthermore, this article details the most intriguing compounds of Ni (selenides, sulfides, nitrates) and the analytical performance of the respective sensors. Additional focus points of this work are multimetallic nanosystems where Ni is a component, and the growing field of conductive metal organic frameworks with Ni centers. This review will be beneficial for researchers who aim at delving deeper into the potential of Ni-based materials for glucose sensing.