Effects of ventilation conditions on thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries packs in an energy-storage cabin

Lithium-ion battery energy storage technology is widely adopted across various coutries. However, fires and explosions in energy-storage cabins containing lithium-ion battery packs pose significant safety risks. This study aims to investigate the effects of ventilation conditions on temperature propagation and smoke concentration variations during thermal runaway in an energy-storage cabin. We have developed a simulation model of a lithium-ion battery cluster in an energy-storage cabin through the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software. By simulating the fire dynamics of the lithium-ion battery cluster, we meticulously have analyzed the effects of different door opening angles and vent positions on temperature propagation and gas concentration. The findings indicate that within a certain range of door opening angles, fire intensity and temperature exacerbates with the increasing angles, reaching a peak before the effects diminish. When the cabin door is opened and the vent position is close to the fire source, the temperature peak rises higher, and the smoke concentration reaches its peak earlier, creating an effective convection cycle that further intensifies the phenomenon. This study provides precise scientific evidence for setting fire detection and ventilation conditions of lithium-ion battery packs in energy-storage cabins, offering significant theoretical and practical value for enhancing the safety of energy-storage cabins.