Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and cancer mortality. A real-world registry
David Garcia‐Vega
1, 2, 3
,
Sergio Cinza-Sanjurjo
1, 4
,
Carlos Tilves-Bellas
5
,
Sonia Eiras
1, 5
,
Jose Ramón Gonzalez-Juanatey
1, 2, 3
4
Centro de Salud de Milladoiro-Ames, Área Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
|
5
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
|
Publication type: Journal Article
Publication date: 2025-03-01
scimago Q1
wos Q1
SJR: 3.267
CiteScore: 17.4
Impact factor: 4.9
ISSN: 18855857
PubMed ID:
39033874
Abstract
Introduction and objectives: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1ra) reduce cardiovascular events through different mechanisms, but their association with cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of combined treatment (SGLT2i and GLP1ra) and monotherapy (SGLT2i or GLP1ra) on hospitalization and/or death from cancer in a general population and a subgroup of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: We conducted a nonconcurrent observational prospective study of patients prescribed SGLT2i, GLP1ra, or both. Multinomial propensity scores were performed in the entire population and in a subgroup of patients with CVD. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine the hazard ratio (HR) for age, sex, risk factors, and treatment for each outcome. Results: We included 14 709 patients (11366 with SGLT2i, 1016 with GLP1ra, and 2327 with both treatments) from treatment initiation. Diabetes was present in 97% of the patients. The subgroup with CVD included 4957 (33.7%) patients. After a median of 33 months of follow-up, the risk of adverse cancer events was similar between patients with and without CVD (3.4% or 3.7%, respectively). The main risk factors for cancer mortality were male sex and age. Combined treatment and its duration reduced the risk of cancer mortality compared with monotherapy with SGLT2i or GLP1ra in the overall population (HR, 0.2216; 95%CI, 0.1106-0.4659; P < .001; and HR, 0.1928; 95%CI, 0.071-0.5219; P = .001, respectively) and in the subgroup of patients with CVD (HR, 0.2879; 95%CI, 0.0878-0.994; P < .049; and HR, 0.1329; 95%CI, 0.024-0.6768; P = .014, respectively). Conclusions: Initiation of combined therapy (SGLT2i and GLP1ra) vs monotherapy with SGLT2i or GLP1ra was associated with a lower risk of cancer mortality, mostly in diabetic patients with or without CVD. Although clinical trials are needed, these results might be explained by the complementary mechanisms of these drugs, including their antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects. Future clinical trials and mechanistic studies will clarify the possible role of these drugs in carcinogenesis. Introducción y objetivos: Los inhibidores del cotransportador de sodio-glucosa 2 (iSGLT2) y los agonistas del receptor del péptido 1 similar al glucagón (GLP1ra) reducen los eventos cardiovasculares a través de diferentes mecanismos. Sin embargo, se necesita esclarecer su asociación con cáncer. Nuestro objetivo consiste en comparar el tratamiento combinado (SGLT2i y GLP1ra) con la monoterapia (SGLT2i o GLP1ra) en cuanto a hospitalización o muerte por cáncer en una población general y un subgrupo de pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). Métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo no concurrente de pacientes a quienes se prescribió iSGLT2, GLP1ra o ambos. Se obtuvo la puntuación de propensión multinomial de toda la población y de un subgrupo de pacientes con ECV. El análisis multivariado de regresión de Cox determinó la tasa de riesgos (HR) de edad, sexo, factores de riesgo y tratamiento para cada resultado. Resultados: Se incluyó a 14.709 pacientes (11.366 con iSGLT2, 1.016 con GLP1ra y 2.327 con ambos tratamientos) desde el inicio del tratamiento. El 97% de los pacientes eran diabéticos. El subgrupo con ECV incluyó a 4.957 (33,7%) pacientes. Después de una mediana de seguimiento de 33 meses, el riesgo de eventos adversos de cáncer fue similar entre los pacientes con y sin ECV (el 3,4 y el 3,7% respectivamente). El sexo (varones) y la edad fueron los principales factores de riesgo de mortalidad por cáncer. El tratamiento combinado y su duración habían reducido el riesgo de mortalidad por cáncer con respecto a la monoterapia con iSGLT2 o GLP1ra en todas las poblaciones (HR = 0,2216; IC95%, 0,1106-0,4659; p < 0,001; y HR = 0,1928; IC95%, 0,071-0,5219; p = 0,001) y en el subgrupo de pacientes con ECV (HR = 0,2879; IC95%, 0,0878-0,994; p < 0,049; y HR = 0,1329; IC95%, 0,024-0,6768; p = 0,014). Conclusiones: El inicio del tratamiento combinado (iSGLT2 y GLP1ra) frente a monoterapia con iSGLT2 o GLP1ra se asoció con una menor tasa de riesgo de mortalidad por cáncer, principalmente en pacientes diabéticos con o sin ECV. Aunque se necesitan ensayos clínicos, los mecanismos complementarios antiproliferativos, antiinflamatorios y metabólicos de estos fármacos podrían explicar estos resultados. Futuros ensayos clínicos y estudios mecanísticos aclararán el posible papel de estos fármacos en la carcinogénesis.
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García-Vega D. et al. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and cancer mortality. A real-world registry // Revista española de cardiología (English ed.). 2025. Vol. 78. No. 3. pp. 218-228.
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Garcia‐Vega D., Cinza-Sanjurjo S., Tilves-Bellas C., Eiras S., Gonzalez-Juanatey J. R. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and cancer mortality. A real-world registry // Revista española de cardiología (English ed.). 2025. Vol. 78. No. 3. pp. 218-228.
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TY - JOUR
DO - 10.1016/j.rec.2024.07.003
UR - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1885585724002354
TI - Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and cancer mortality. A real-world registry
T2 - Revista española de cardiología (English ed.)
AU - Garcia‐Vega, David
AU - Cinza-Sanjurjo, Sergio
AU - Tilves-Bellas, Carlos
AU - Eiras, Sonia
AU - Gonzalez-Juanatey, Jose Ramón
PY - 2025
DA - 2025/03/01
PB - Elsevier
SP - 218-228
IS - 3
VL - 78
PMID - 39033874
SN - 1885-5857
ER -
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@article{2025_García-Vega,
author = {David Garcia‐Vega and Sergio Cinza-Sanjurjo and Carlos Tilves-Bellas and Sonia Eiras and Jose Ramón Gonzalez-Juanatey},
title = {Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and cancer mortality. A real-world registry},
journal = {Revista española de cardiología (English ed.)},
year = {2025},
volume = {78},
publisher = {Elsevier},
month = {mar},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1885585724002354},
number = {3},
pages = {218--228},
doi = {10.1016/j.rec.2024.07.003}
}
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García-Vega, David, et al. “Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and cancer mortality. A real-world registry.” Revista española de cardiología (English ed.), vol. 78, no. 3, Mar. 2025, pp. 218-228. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1885585724002354.