Sustainability and impact resistance of biomimetic functional surfaces: A comprehensive review

The significance of functional surfaces lies in their ability to prevent icing, corrosion, wear, and flow resistance, offering broad practical applications. However, their vulnerability to mechanical wear and impact damage during operation frequently results in irreversible loss of functionality, significantly restricting their adoption in industrial contexts. Consequently, enhancing the sustainability and impact resistance of these surfaces is of critical research and practical importance. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the mechanical, chemical and thermal stability of functional surfaces, in addition to their self-healing capabilities. The study evaluates leading strategies for improving sustainability and impact resistance, discusses their respective advantages and limitations, and outlines emerging trends in development. Moreover, the review under scrutiny emphasizes recent advances in impact-resistant and durable functional surfaces, while concurrently proposing future research directions that are geared towards promoting their real-world application.